Computer Science Chapter 2: Data Representation

A number system that uses base 2, meaning it only has two digits: 0 and 1.

A number system that uses base 8, with digits ranging from 0 to 7.

The number system we use in everyday life, with a base of 10, using digits from 0 to 9.

A number system that uses base 16, employing digits from 0 to 9 and letters A to F, representing values from 10 to 15.

A single digit in a binary number, representing either 0 or 1.

The process of converting a number from one number system (like binary) to another (like decimal).

A specific format for writing numbers in code using the 0b prefix, representing binary values.

A specific format for writing numbers in code using the 0x prefix, representing hexadecimal values.

A sequence of bits that represents a numerical value.

A number system where there are only two digits: 0 and 1.

A number system that uses base 10, where each digit represents a power of 10.

A number system based on 16 digits (0-9 and A-F) and represents a number in powers of 16.

A number system that uses base 8 and represents a number in powers of 8.

A representation where a bit represents the magnitude of a number, only positive values are allowed.

A representation where a bit represents both sign (positive or negative) and magnitude of a number.

A representation where the most significant bit (MSB) represents the sign and the rest of the bits represent the magnitude using two's complement.

The process of converting a negative number into its positive equivalent. This involves flipping all the bits and adding 1.

The process of adding two numbers in binary, taking into account the sign bit.

A situation where the result of an addition operation exceeds the maximum value representable in the assigned data type, leading to an incorrect result.

A data type in C used to store whole numbers with a sign. The range of values depends on the number of bits used.

A data type in C used to store whole numbers without a sign, allowing for a larger positive range.

A data storage unit that holds a value within a specific range defined by its type. Examples include char, short int, int, long, etc.

A sequence of bytes used to represent a number, providing a wider range of values than individual bytes.

The most significant bit in a byte or word used to represent the sign of a number in the sign-magnitude bit model. A 0 indicates a positive value, and a 1 indicates a negative value.

A bit model used to represent numbers in a computer, where the leftmost bit indicates the sign, and the remaining bits represent the magnitude of the number.

A bit model used to represent only positive numbers, where all bits contribute to the magnitude of the number.

The number of bits used to represent a number in a computer system, determining the range of possible values.

A way to represent numbers in a computer system where each place value represents a power of 2.

The decimal number system uses 'e' to represent a power of 10. For example, 28410 can be expressed as 2.84 x 102 in scientific notation. This indicates 2.84 multiplied by 10 raised to the power of 2.

The general representation of a number in scientific notation is: ± M x BE where M is the mantissa (the significant digits), B is the base, and E is the exponent.

C langauge provides two data types to represent real numbers, float and double.

The float data type uses 32 bits for storage, with 8 bits dedicated to the exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa.

The double data type uses 64 bits for storage, with 11 bits dedicated to the exponent and 52 bits for the mantissa.

The leading digit in mantisa is always 1 for non-zero values, so we can imply it in a representation. This saves memory and improves efficiency.

In the IEEE 754 standard, we add a bias of 127 to a 32-bit floating point exponent, and 1023 for a 64-bit double.

Special cases such as 0, infinity (+∞, -∞), and Not a Number (NaN) are represented with specific bit patterns. NaN signifies a value that is not numerically defined.

A standard mapping of characters and punctuation symbols to numerical values. Each character occupies one byte.

A set of characters from different languages, designed to encompass all written languages. Each character can occupy up to 4 bytes.

A character data type in C that uses 8 bits (1 byte). It can represent both positive and negative numbers using two's complement.

A data type in C that uses 8 bits (1 byte). It can only represent positive numbers. It's commonly used for storing character values.

A method of representing Unicode characters in varying byte lengths. This allows for flexibility and efficiency in representing characters from different languages.

Using a single byte to store multiple boolean values, by grouping bits together. This saves memory by utilizing space efficiently.

A boolean variable that represents a state, such as whether a user is logged in or not.

A collection of data elements, each of which can store a specific type of data. In this context, it's used to store boolean values for each user.