Operating Systems Basics Quiz

Data is stored and retrieved as files in a computer.

Random access files allow direct access to any data in a file, while relative access files access data based on its position relative to the beginning of the file.

A port is a physical connection point where devices plug into a bus. It's like an entrance to the bus.

Operating systems manage file retrieval, storage, and manipulation, making it easier for users to interact with data.

Operating systems provide user interface services that allow you to interact with the computer, including input and output.

Even simple appliances can have an operating system that manages their functions. Think of a smart oven or a washing machine.

Operating systems manage file systems, providing services for accessing and manipulating files.

Operating systems provide common I/O services used by all programs, making it easier for them to interact with hardware.

Converting analog data to digital form can result in a slight loss of information during the transformation. It's like losing a little detail when drawing a picture.

The backplane is the wiring system on a motherboard that connects various components like peripheral cards, the CPU, and memory.

A channel that transmits messages in only one direction is called a simplex channel. Think of a one-way street.

A full-duplex channel transmits messages in both directions but only one direction at a time. Think of a bridge with alternating traffic.

Channels that transmit data simultaneously in both directions are called duplex channels. Think of a two-lane highway.

An active hub just connects devices together, it does not modify the signal. Think of a simple connector.

An Intranet is a private network within an organization that uses web services for its user interface and applications.

Ethernet is a specific implementation of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model. Think of it as a specific set of rules for networking.

Port numbers are assigned to specific applications and cannot be modified.

Packets are small units used to break down long messages for easier transmission. Think of splitting a large suitcase.

Using packets simplifies network communication and improves efficiency. Think of how a parcel delivery service makes shipping easier.

Channels can be made up of several smaller links, which are segments of the channel. Think of a road made up of multiple sections.

Bit rate and bandwidth are not the same; bit rate is the number of bits transmitted per second, while bandwidth is the range of frequencies a channel can carry.

Packet switching, also known as datagram switching, is a method of transmitting data in packets over a network.

Multimedia input peripherals include devices like webcams and microphones, which allow you to input audio and video.

Clients and servers can be located on the same computer with client-server computing. Think of a web browser on your computer accessing a website.

In clustering, computers need not be physically close. They can be geographically dispersed.

Clustering is used to increase computing power by combining multiple systems to work together. Think of a team of workers working towards a common goal.

Time division multiplexing (TDM) is widely used for digital communication.

Blade servers consist of individual computer systems on a board similar to a motherboard and can be plugged into connectors.

Fiber-optic cables are immune to most forms of noise and have very low attenuation.

Hz (Hertz) is the unit of measurement for frequency, which is how often a wave repeats in time. Think of the speed of sound waves.

Thunderbolt is a high-speed interface designed to support data transfer rates of up to 40 gigabits per second in both directions.

Device drivers are programs within a computer system that control specific devices. Think of a driver's license allowing a driver to operate a vehicle.

The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer where the CPU, memory, and other major components are mounted.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) functions at the Network Layer of the OSI model, responsible for error handling.

Packets are small units used to break down long messages into manageable chunks for transmission.

Links are connections along different segments of a communication channel.

TCP/IP and UDP are widely used communication protocols for modern data networks.

Establishing a connection, involving a back-and-forth exchange of packets, is known as handshaking. Think of two people shaking hands before a conversation.

DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names into IP addresses. Think of a phonebook for website addresses.

Integrity involves protecting transmitted data from unauthorized changes, ensuring data remains unaltered.

Packet sniffing is the process of capturing and analyzing network traffic for malicious activity, such as malware or unauthorized access.

A session represents the communication between two applications over a network. Think of a meeting between two people.

The Share Nothing architecture allows for better load balancing and performance as each node has its own data, resources, and independent operations.

Filtering is used to control bandwidth by blocking or modifying signals, preventing interference from other signals. Think of a filter removing impurities from water.

Operating systems provide several core services, including program management, user interaction, and hardware management, to create a usable computing environment.

Memory management is an operating system function that manages the allocation and deallocation of computer memory for programs.

The operating system's user service provides system information, checking for available disk space, memory, and user count.