Operating Systems and Virtualization Quiz

Operating Systems

• Definition: Software that manages hardware resources and services for computer programs.
• Functions: Memory management, process scheduling, input/output handling.
• Types: Single-user, multi-user, real-time, distributed.

Containerization

• Containers: Lightweight, portable application units with dependencies.
• Consistency: Consistent environments across different systems.
• Runtime: Software for executing and managing containers (e.g., Docker).
• Images: Read-only templates that include application code and dependencies.

Virtualization

• Hypervisor: Layer enabling multiple virtual machines (VMs) on a single physical machine.
• Virtual Machines (VMs): Emulated computers running operating systems and applications.

Distributed Systems

• Model: Components on networked computers communicate and coordinate through messages.
• Key Concepts: Scalability, reliability, resource management.
• Microservices: Application structured as a collection of loosely coupled services.

Infrastructure

• Definition: Underlying physical and virtual resources supporting applications and services (e.g., servers, storage, networking).
• Management: Overseeing deployment, scaling, and maintenance of infrastructure components.

Automation and Scripting

• Importance: Streamlining processes, managing configurations, and deploying applications.
• Tools: Scripting languages (e.g., shell scripting).

Networking

• Protocols: Rules governing data communication over networks.
• Essential for distributed systems and cloud computing.
• Key Components: Cabling standards, line coding standards, such as Ethernet (Cat5 cables) and 802.11 (Wi-Fi). Protocols: MAC address, switches, Network Layer.

TCP/IP Model

• Framework for network communication.
• Layers: Application, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.
• Key Protocols: HTTP, FTP, TCP, UDP, DNS.

Networking Protocols (e.g., Routers, Multicast, Autonomous Systems)

• Routing: Determining the best paths for data packets using routing tables.
• Low-Level Protocols: Ethernet and WiFi.
• Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): Mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses.
• Domain Name System (DNS): Translating human-readable domain names to IP addresses.
• HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Client-server protocol for transferring web pages.
• Multicast: Sending data from one sender to multiple receivers simultaneously.
• Routing Protocols: RIP, OSPF, for finding optimal data paths.
• Autonomous System (AS): Large networks under a single administrative control.

Apache Kafka

• Distributed event streaming platform for high throughput and fault-tolerance.

Kubernetes

• Container orchestration platform for automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.
• Key Components: Pods, deployments, services, config maps, secrets, scheduled tasks.

File Systems

• Types: NTFS, FAT32, EXT4, APFS.
• Data Management: inodes, metadata, storage devices.
• Performance and Optimization: Caching, fragmentation, backup and recovery.

Protocol Stacks (e.g., WebRTC, RTP, RTCP)

• WebRTC: Enables real-time audio, video, and data sharing.
• Key Protocols: RTP, RTCP, STUN, TURN.
• Video on Demand Protocols: Protocols for delivering video content over the internet.

Storage Units

• Types: Primary (RAM), Secondary (HDDs, SSDs).
• Functionality: Data storage technologies with varying characteristics (speeds and capacities).

Security

• Key Points: Protecting systems against unauthorized access, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
• Tactics: Detection of attacks, monitoring for unauthorized access.

Performance

• Key Points: System's ability to meet timing requirements and operate efficiently.
• Tactics: Minimizing resource demand, limiting response time.

Energy Efficiency

• Key Points: Optimizing resource usage to reduce energy consumption.
• Tactics: Monitoring and metering energy consumption, optimization techniques.

Modifiability

• Key Points: Ease of changing and implementing or adding new functionalities.
• Tactics: Increasing cohesion, splitting modules, reducing coupling.

Test your knowledge on operating systems, containerization, virtualization, and distributed systems. This quiz covers definitions, functions, types, and key concepts related to managing hardware resources and application environments. Enhance your understanding of modern computing architectures with this comprehensive evaluation.