27 Questions
What is another name for operant conditioning?
Instrumental conditioning
Which stimulus strengthens a behavior in operant conditioning?
Reinforcing stimulus (SR)
What type of learning is also known as S-R learning?
Operant conditioning
What is the importance of operant conditioning?
Controlling complex, voluntary, goal-directed behavior
In Thorndike's Law of Effect, what happens to responses that do not work?
They are gradually weakened
What gradually strengthens in Thorndike's Law of Effect?
Responses that worked
What is the law that states a response becomes a learned behavior when it's rewarded, strengthening the connection between stimulus and response?
Law of effect
Which law emphasizes that the more an S-R connection is used, the stronger it becomes; disuse weakens it?
Law of exercise
What type of learning does operant conditioning focus on?
Incremental and behaviorist learning
What did Skinner's experiments using reinforcement and punishment contribute to?
Development of operant conditioning
What are discriminative stimuli in operant conditioning?
Signals indicating the availability of reinforcement
What does cumulative recording graph in operant conditioning show?
Time vs. total number of responses
What do operant consequences, reinforcers, and punishers do?
Reinforcing stimuli increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring, while punishing stimuli decrease it
What are Skinner Boxes designed for?
To study operant conditioning in controlled environments
What does the Law of readiness emphasize?
A person is more likely to perform a response when they're ready, and less likely if they're not.
What is the main focus of Thorndike's Laws and Operant Conditioning?
Emphasizing the importance of consequences and shaping behavior with rewards and punishers.
What do procedures involving reinforcement and punishment in operant conditioning emphasize?
Emphasize the relationship between behavior and its consequences, with rewards and punishers shaping behavior.
In operant conditioning, what type of learning does the emphasis lie on?
Incremental and behaviorist learning.
In operant conditioning, what is the role of discriminative stimuli?
Signal the presence of a reinforce or a punishment
What is negative reinforcement in operant conditioning?
The removal of an aversive stimulus following a behavior
What is the primary difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning?
The role of discriminative stimuli
What is the role of primary reinforcers in operant conditioning?
Satisfy basic physiological needs
What is shaping in operant conditioning?
A technique for reinforcing behaviors that are not naturally occurring
What is the function of secondary reinforcers in operant conditioning?
Make it easier to train complex behaviors
What is the effect of reinforcement on behavior in operant conditioning?
Increase the probability of a behavior occurring
How does negative punishment affect behavior in operant conditioning?
Decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated
What are the disadvantages associated with negative punishment in operant conditioning?
Emotional effects and need for continual monitoring
Study Notes
- Discriminative stimuli do not automatically elicit behavior like conditioned stimuli in classical conditioning. They increase the probability of a behavior occurring.
- The three-term contingency in operant conditioning consists of an antecedent event (discriminative stimulus), behavior, and consequence.
- Discriminative stimuli can signal reinforcement or punishment.
- The difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning lies in the role of the discriminative stimulus and the behavior-consequence relationship.
- Reinforcement is the presentation of a pleasant stimulus following a behavior, which increases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.
- Negative reinforcement is the removal of an aversive stimulus following a behavior, which increases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.
- Positive punishment is the presentation of an aversive stimulus following a behavior, which decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.
- Negative punishment is the removal of a pleasant stimulus following a behavior, which decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.
- Negative punishment has disadvantages such as emotional effects, the need for continual monitoring, attempts to escape, and aggression against the punisher.
- Examples of operant conditioning include the consequences for pulling a dog's tail, teasing a dog, holding a car door open, sharing toys, and burping during a date.
- Primary reinforcers are events that are innately reinforcing and satisfy basic physiological needs.
- Shaping is a technique for reinforcing behaviors that are not naturally occurring by gradually approximating the desired behavior.
- The use of secondary reinforcers, such as money or points, can make it easier to train complex behaviors.
- Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is modified by its consequences.
- The three-term contingency is a fundamental concept in understanding operant conditioning.
- Discriminative stimuli play a crucial role in operant conditioning, signaling the presence of a reinforce or a punishment.
- Reinforcement and punishment can have both positive and negative forms, depending on whether a stimulus is added or removed.
- The consequences for behavior can have significant effects on the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.
- The process of operant conditioning can be understood by examining the relationship between the antecedent event, behavior, and consequence.
- Operant conditioning is an important concept in understanding how behavior is shaped and maintained in various contexts.
- Negative consequences, such as punishment, can have negative effects on behavior and should be used with caution.
- Learning can occur through a combination of operant and classical conditioning.
Test your knowledge of operant conditioning with this quiz covering the importance of controlling learning, the association of stimuli, and the relationship between behavior and consequences.
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