AICE Psychology - Conditioning and Learning

A branch of psychology that focuses on the unconscious determinants of behavior. It explores how childhood experiences and repressed emotions shape our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Studies the effects of the environment on observable behavior. Behaviorists believe that learning occurs through interactions with the environment.

Examines the physiological bases of behavior. It investigates how biological factors, such as brain structures, neurotransmitters, and hormones, influence our thoughts, emotions, and actions.

Examines human behavior across different cultures. It explores how cultural norms, values, and beliefs influence psychological processes.

Focuses on how evolutionary processes have shaped our behavior. It seeks to understand the adaptive significance of specific traits and behaviors.

Emphasizes human experiences, individuality, and potential for growth. It suggests that humans are innately good and strive to reach their full potential.

Any observable action made by an organism. It includes both internal and external actions.

Internal and subjective processes inferred from behavior. They include thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and memories.

The idea that the human mind is a blank slate at birth. It proposes that all knowledge and experiences are acquired through learning and interactions with the environment.

The practice of describing one's conscious experiences. It involves reflecting on and reporting one's own thoughts, feelings, and sensations.

The school of psychology that aims to analyze the basic elements of thoughts and emotions. It seeks to identify the simplest components of consciousness.

The idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. It emphasizes that perception is a holistic process, where meaning emerges from the interaction of elements.

The process by which traits that enhance survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on to future generations. This leads to the evolution of species over time.

A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences to understand behavior. It recognizes the complex interplay of these factors in contributing to our well-being.

A branch of psychology that focuses exclusively on observable events and stimulus-response relations. It proposes that behavior is learned through conditioning and reinforcement.

A school of psychology that attributes personality and mental disorders to unconscious motives from early experiences. It emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind in shaping our behavior.

A perspective that asserts humans are free and rational, capable of personal growth and self-actualization. It emphasizes the unique qualities and potential of each individual.

A field that explores the relationship between mental processes and behavior. It investigates how we acquire, process, store, and use information to make decisions and solve problems.

A field that investigates the biological bases of behavior. It explores how the brain, nervous system, and hormones influence our actions, thoughts, and emotions.

A field that explores the evolutionary roots of behavior. It seeks to understand how natural selection has shaped our mental abilities, emotions, and social behaviors.

A lasting change in behavior resulting from experience. It can occur through different methods like classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational learning.

Learning through the association of two stimuli. A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, leading to the neutral stimulus eliciting a conditioned response.

Any environmental event that elicits a response. It can be a physical object, a sound, or a smell.

Initially does not elicit a specific response but draws attention. It's a stimulus that becomes significant after it's paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

A natural, unlearned reaction to a stimulus. It's not a result of learning and is automatically elicited by the stimulus.

An event that naturally triggers an unlearned response. It's something that reliably elicits the unconditioned response without prior learning.

A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus. It's acquired through the pairing of the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.

A stimulus that, after conditioning, prompts a learned response. It was previously neutral but has become associated with the unconditioned stimulus.

Recognized as the father of classical conditioning through his notable experiments with dogs. He discovered that dogs could be trained to salivate at the sound of a bell.

Demonstrated dogs can be trained to salivate at the sound of a bell, associating it with food. This experiment illustrated the principles of classical conditioning.

The use of classical conditioning in psychology experiments raises ethical concerns. Critics point out that the organisms involved lack free will and may be subjected to potentially distressing stimuli.

Starts with an unconditioned stimulus that triggers an unconditioned response. This is then paired with a neutral stimulus. The pairing leads to the neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus, eliciting a conditioned response.