Questions and Answers
What term describes the unconscious determinants of behavior?
What is defined as the effects of the environment on the overt behavior of humans and animals?
What term refers to thoughts and mental processes?
What is the physiological basis of behavior in humans and animals?
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What refers to human behavior across different cultures?
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What term is used for the evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals?
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What emphasizes the unique aspects of human experience?
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What definition best describes behavior?
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What are mental processes?
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What does Tabula Rasa refer to?
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What method involves describing conscious experiences?
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What is the focus of structuralism?
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What does Gestalt Psychology emphasize?
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What does natural selection refer to?
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What is the biopsychosocial model?
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What is the basic premise of behavioral psychology?
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What is the basic premise of psychoanalytic psychology?
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What is the basic premise of humanistic psychology?
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What is the basic premise of cognitive psychology?
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What is the basic premise of biological psychology?
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What is the basic premise of evolutionary psychology?
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What is learning?
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What is classical conditioning?
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What is a stimulus?
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What is a neutral stimulus?
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What is an unconditioned response (UCR)?
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What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
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What is a conditioned response (CR)?
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What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
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Who was Pavlov and what were his experiments?
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Would Pavlov be considered ethical or unethical? Why or why not?
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How does classical conditioning work?
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Study Notes
Psychology Perspectives
- Psychodynamic: Focuses on unconscious determinants of behavior.
- Behavioral: Studies the effects of the environment on observable behavior in humans and animals.
- Cognitive: Involves mental processes and thoughts.
- Biological: Examines the physiological bases of behavior in humans and animals.
- Cross Cultural: Explores human behavior across various cultures.
- Evolutionary: Investigates evolutionary bases for behavior in humans and animals.
- Humanistic: Emphasizes unique aspects of human experiences and potential for growth.
Key Concepts
- Behavior: Any observable action made by an organism.
- Mental Processes: Internal and subjective processes inferred from behavior.
- Tabula Rasa: The idea of the human mind as a blank slate at birth, unformed by experiences.
- Introspection: The practice of describing one’s conscious experiences.
- Structuralism: Aims to analyze basic elements of thoughts and emotions.
- Gestalt Psychology: Argues that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
- Natural Selection: Traits favoring survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on.
Psychological Models
- Biopsychosocial Model: Integrates biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences to understand behavior.
- Behavioral Psychology: Focuses exclusively on observable events and stimulus-response relations.
- Psychoanalytic Psychology: Attributes personality and mental disorders to unconscious motives from early experiences.
- Humanistic Psychology: Asserts that humans are free and rational, capable of personal growth unlike animals.
- Cognitive Psychology: Insists that behavior is tied to how information is processed and stored.
- Biological Psychology: Links behavior to physiological structures and chemical processes.
- Evolutionary Psychology: Connects behavior patterns to adaptive problems solved through natural selection.
Learning and Conditioning
- Learning: A lasting change in behavior resulting from experience.
- Classical Conditioning: Learning through the association of two stimuli.
- Stimulus: Any environmental event that elicits a response.
- Neutral Stimulus: Initially does not elicit a specific response but draws attention.
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): A natural, unlearned reaction to a stimulus.
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): An event that naturally triggers an unlearned response.
- Conditioned Response (CR): A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A stimulus that, after conditioning, prompts a learned response.
Pavlov and Classical Conditioning
- Ivan Pavlov: Recognized as the father of classical conditioning through his notable experiments with dogs.
- Pavlov's Experiment: Demonstrated dogs can be trained to salivate at the sound of a bell, associating it with food.
- Ethics of Pavlov’s Experiment: Considered unethical due to the lack of free will inherent in classical conditioning mechanisms.
Classical Conditioning Process
- Begins with an unconditioned stimulus that generates an unconditioned response.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in AICE Psychology related to history and perspectives, including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. It features key terms and their definitions critical for understanding behavior theories. Test your knowledge on these foundational ideas.