Oorsig van Biologie

Study of life and living organisms.
Explores structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living things.

Molecular Biology: Focuses on the molecular mechanisms of biological processes.
Cell Biology: Studies the structure and function of cells.
Genetics: Examines heredity and variation in living organisms.
Evolutionary Biology: Investigates the processes that drive the evolution of species.
Ecology: The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Physiology: Concerns the functions and mechanisms of living systems.

Cell Theory: All living organisms are made of cells; the cell is the basic unit of life.
Theory of Evolution: Species evolve over time through natural selection.
Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions.
Biodiversity: The variety of life in the world, crucial for ecosystem health.

Carbohydrates: Energy source; includes sugars and starches.
Proteins: Made of amino acids; crucial for structure, function, and regulation of tissues.
Lipids: Fats and oils; store energy and make up cell membranes.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA; responsible for genetic information and protein synthesis.

Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy by plants.
Cellular Respiration: Process of converting glucose into ATP (energy) in cells.
Mitosis and Meiosis: Cell division processes, with mitosis producing identical cells and meiosis producing gametes.

DNA Structure: Double helix formed by nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine).
Gene Expression: The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, typically proteins.
Mendelian Genetics: Principles of inheritance based on Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants.

Ecosystem: A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Food Chains/Webs: Illustrate energy flow through various trophic levels in ecosystems.
Biomes: Large ecological areas on the earth’s surface, characterized by specific climate conditions and types of plants and animals.

Organ Systems: Include circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, and others, each with specific functions.
Homeostatic Mechanisms: Systems like feedback loops that maintain physiological balance.

Observation, experimentation, modeling, and data analysis are essential in biological research.
Use of tools such as microscopes, genetic sequencing, and bioinformatics to explore biological phenomena.

Die studie van lewe en lewende organismes.
Ondersoek struktuur, funksie, groei, oorsprong, evolusie, en die verspreiding van lewende dinge.

Molekulêre Biologie: Fokus op die molekulêre meganismes van biologiese prosesse.
Selbiologie: Bestudeer die struktuur en funksie van selle.
Genetika: Ondersoek erfenis en variasie in lewende organismes.
Evolusionêre Biologie: Ondersoek die prosesse wat die evolusie van spesies bestuur.
Ekologie: Die studie van organismes en hul interaksie met die omgewing.
Fisiologie: Betrek die funksies en meganismes van lewende stelsels.

Selteorie: Alle lewende organismes is gemaak van selle; die sel is die basiese eenheid van lewe.
Teorie van Evolusie: Spesies ontwikkel mettertyd deur natuurlike seleksie.
Homeostase: Die vermoë van 'n organisme om stabiele interne toestande te handhaaf.
Biodiversiteit: Die verskeidenheid van lewe in die wêreld, belangrik vir ekosisteemgesondheid.

Koolhidrate: Energiebron; sluit suikers en stysels in.
Proteïene: Gemaak van aminosure; noodsaaklik vir die struktuur, funksie, en regulasie van weefsels.
Lipiede: Vette en olies; stoor energie en maak selmembrane op.
Nukleïensure: DNA en RNA; verantwoordelik vir genetiese inligting en proteïensintese.

Fotosintese: Omskakeling van ligenergie na chemiese energie deur plante.
Sellulêre Asemhaling: Proses van omsetting van glukose na ATP (energie) in selle.
Mitose en Meiose: Seldelingsprosesse, met mitose wat identiese selle produseer en meiose wat gamete produseer.

DNA-struktuur: Dubbele heliks gevorm deur nukleotiede (adenien, timien, sitosien, guanien).
Geen Uitdrukking: Die proses waardeur inligting uit 'n geen gebruik word om 'n funksionele geenproduk, tipies proteïene, te sintetiseer.
Mendeliese Genetika: Beginsels van erfenis gebaseer op Gregor Mendel se eksperimente met ertjies.

Ekosisteem: 'n Gemeenskap van interagerende organismes en hul fisiese omgewing.
Voedselkettings/Webbe: Illustreer energievloei deur verskillende trofiese vlakke in ekosisteme.
Biome: Groot ekologiese areas op die aarde se oppervlak, gekenmerk deur spesifieke klimaatstoestande en tipes plante en diere.

Organstelsels: Sluit bloedsomloop-, asemhalings-, spysverterings-, senuweestelsels, en ander in, elkeen met spesifieke funksies.
Homeostatiese Meganismes: Stelsels soos terugvoerlusse wat fisiologiese balans handhaaf.

Waarneming, eksperimentering, modellering, en data-analise is noodsaaklik in biologiese navorsing.
Gebruik van gereedskap soos mikroskope, genetiese volgorde, en bio-inligtingskunde om biologiese verskynsels te verken.