29 Questions
What is the science of the study of neoplasms called?
Oncology
What term is used to describe an abnormal new growth which is causeless, aimless, and without limitations?
Neoplasia
What is the term for a malignant neoplasm?
Cancer
Which factor is associated with an increase in cancer of the stomach in Japan?
Pollution
What factor is linked to the increase in cancer of the lung due to bilharziasis in Egypt?
Acquired lesions
Which type of tissue is not classified under epithelial tissue?
Fibrous tissue
What is the main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?
Benign neoplasms have slowly growing by expansion and are encapsulated.
Which is a method of metastasis for malignant tumors?
Direct spread
What is the purpose of grading in cancer classification?
To assess the degree of differentiation of tumor cells in relation to original tissue.
Which microscopic criteria indicate malignancy?
Presence of many mitotic figures
What is a possible complication of benign tumors?
Obstruction causing increased intracranial tension
What is the main cause of death in cancer?
Vital organ obstruction
What does lymphatic spread refer to in the context of metastasis?
Spread through the lymphatic system to distant sites.
What is the term for the science of the study of neoplasms?
Oncology
Which factor is linked to the increase in cancer of the lung due to bilharziasis in Egypt?
Parasites
What does the term 'anaplasia' refer to?
Lack of differentiation
Which virus is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma?
Hepatitis B virus
What is the main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?
Rate of growth and invasiveness
Which age group usually experiences cancer at a higher rate?
> 55 years
What is the main purpose of grading in cancer classification?
To assess the degree of differentiation of tumor cells
Which type of tissue is NOT classified under epithelial tissue?
Adipose tissue
What does lymphatic spread refer to in the context of metastasis?
Spread of carcinoma through lymph vessels
Which microscopic criteria indicate malignancy?
Presence of mitotic figures
What factor is associated with an increase in stomach cancer in Japan?
Infection with Helicobacter pylori
Which factor is linked to the increase in lung cancer due to bilharziasis in Egypt?
Parasitic infection
What term refers to the extent to which tumor cells resemble normal cells?
Differentiation
Which is a method of metastasis for malignant tumors?
'Hematogenous' spread
What term describes a tumor infiltrating surrounding tissues without distant metastasis?
'Locally malignant' tumor
What is a possible complication of benign tumors?
Obstruction and functional effects
Study Notes
Oncology
- The science of the study of neoplasms is called oncology.
Neoplasms
- An abnormal new growth that is causeless, aimless, and without limitations is called a neoplasm.
- A malignant neoplasm is also known as cancer.
Types of Cancer
- The increased incidence of stomach cancer in Japan is associated with diet.
- The increased incidence of lung cancer in Egypt is linked to bilharziasis.
Tissue Classification
- Connective tissue is not classified under epithelial tissue.
Benign and Malignant Neoplasms
- The main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms is that malignant neoplasms can invade and metastasize to other parts of the body.
- Malignant tumors can metastasize through the lymphatic system, bloodstream, or directly infiltrate surrounding tissues.
Cancer Classification
- Grading is a method of cancer classification that evaluates the degree of abnormality of cancer cells.
- The main purpose of grading is to provide information about the prognosis and treatment of the cancer.
Microscopic Criteria
- Microscopic criteria that indicate malignancy include anaplasia, loss of differentiation, and presence of abnormal mitotic figures.
- Anaplasia refers to the loss of normal cellular differentiation and function.
Complications
- A possible complication of benign tumors is compression of surrounding tissues.
- The main cause of death in cancer is metastasis to vital organs.
Metastasis
- Lymphatic spread refers to the spread of cancer cells through the lymphatic system.
Viral Associations
- Hepatitis B virus is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Age and Cancer
- Cancer is more common in older adults, with the incidence increasing with age.
Pathology
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