Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of gene had the highest frequency of mutations in all tumor samples?

Oncogenes with 89.4%.

What percentage of tumor suppressor genes were mutated in breast cancer?

99.3%.

In which type of cancer did CDK6 show the highest mutation frequency?

Prostate cancer with 4.23%.

What was the mutation frequency of phosphatases in thyroid cancer?

<p>16.6%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cancer type had the lowest mutation frequency in transcription factors, and what was that frequency?

<p>Cervix uteri with 21.4%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the mutation frequency of KRAS compare between lung cancer and colorectal cancer?

<p>Lung cancer had 13.15% and colorectal cancer had 35.06%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene had the highest mutation rate across the cancers listed in relation to tumor suppressor genes?

<p>TP53 with up to 72.19% in lung cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of kinases were mutated in stomach cancer?

<p>55.6%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor type had the highest frequency of mutated oncogenes according to Table 2?

<p>Lung cancer with 98.3%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which gene was the mutation frequency zero in thyroid cancer?

<p>CDK4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Oncogenes

Genes that contribute to the development of cancer when their activities are altered, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth. Oncogenes are often mutated versions of normal genes.

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes that normally stop cell growth or promote cell death. Their inactivation can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Kinases

Proteins that add a phosphate group to other molecules. They play a role in regulating cell signaling, growth, and differentiation.

Phosphatases

Proteins that remove phosphate groups from other molecules. They help to regulate cellular processes, often by counteracting the actions of kinases.

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Transcription Factors

Proteins that control the expression of genes, often by binding to DNA and regulating which genes are turned on or off.

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Mutation

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

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Frequency of Mutations

The frequency of mutations in genes can vary depending on the type of cancer.

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Frequent Gene Mutations in Cancer

The genes CDK4, CDK6, TP53, KRAS, and RB1 are frequently mutated in various cancers.

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Cancer Gene Mutation Tables

Table 1: Compares the frequency of mutations in different classes of genes across all tumor samples. Table 2: Shows the frequency of altered genes in various common cancers. Table 3: Lists the mutation frequencies of specific genes in different cancer types.

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Mutation Frequency and Cancer Development

The frequency of mutations in a gene can be a factor in cancer development. For example, the TP53 gene is frequently mutated in many cancer types.

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Study Notes

Table 1: Frequency of Driver Gene Mutations

  • Mutations of driver genes in various classes of tumor samples are presented
  • Oncogenes show a frequency of 89.4%
  • Tumor suppressor genes show a frequency of 90.5%
  • Kinases show a frequency of 61.8%
  • Phosphatases show a frequency of 19.3%
  • Transcription factors show a frequency of 72.2%

Table 2: Frequency of Altered Genes in Common Cancers

  • This table shows the frequency of altered genes (transcription factors, kinases, phosphatases, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes) in different cancers.

  • Lung cancer oncogenes are at 98.3%

  • Colorectal cancer oncogenes are at 98.2%

  • Breast cancer oncogenes are at 92.9%

  • Prostate cancer oncogenes are at 86.3%

  • Stomach cancer oncogenes are at 96.7%

  • Liver cancer oncogenes are at 92.6%

  • Lung cancer tumor suppressor genes show a frequency of 98.85%

  • Colorectal cancer tumor suppressor genes are at 99.3%

  • Breast cancers are at 95.1%

  • Prostate is at 93.7%

  • Stomach cancer is at 99.5%

  • Liver cancer tumor suppressor genes are at 97.3%

  • Further analyses of frequencies of altered genes in specific cancers (lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, stomach, liver, cervical, and bladder) are shown in the table

Table 3: Frequency of Mutations in Specific Genes Across Cancer Types

  • This table presents the frequency of mutations in particular genes (CDK4, CDK6, TP53, KRAS, RB1) across various cancer types (lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, stomach, liver, thyroid, cervix, and bladder).
  • The frequency of mutations in these genes varies significantly across cancer types, highlighting gene-specific mutational patterns for different cancers.

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Tables PDF - Mutations in Driver Genes

Description

This quiz explores the frequency of driver gene mutations in various tumor samples and their prevalence in common cancers. Test your knowledge on oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other genetic alterations seen in lung, colorectal, breast, prostate, stomach, and liver cancers.

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