Oncogene Activation and DNA Mismatch-Repair Genes Quiz

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Which of the following best describes the concept of carcinogenesis?

The process of epigenetic changes in cancer cells

The process of genetic changes leading to cancer (correct)

The process of abnormal gene function and expression

The process of cellular division and regulation

What is the function of a tumour suppressor gene?

Promote cell division and growth

Prevent the formation of oncogenes

Inhibit cell division and growth (correct)

Enhance the expression of oncogenes

What is Knudson's Two-Hit Hypothesis?

A hypothesis about the role of tumour suppressor genes in cancer development (correct)

A hypothesis about the role of genetic mutations in carcinogenesis

A hypothesis about the role of oncogenes in cancer development

A hypothesis about the role of epigenetic changes in cancer development

Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario involves the overexpression of BCL-2::IGH translocation?

Scenario 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of telomeres in cells?

To protect the ends of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of cancer?

Normal gene function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of tumour suppressor genes?

Activation by mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site in the body where the cancer first developed?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells?

Carcinogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of carcinogenesis focuses on the disruption of interactions between cells that maintain tissue architecture, repair, and regulation?

Tissue Organization Field Theory (TOFT) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of carcinogenesis involves genetic changes other than mutations, such as hypermethylation of genes?

Epigenetic Modifications Signup and view all the answers

According to Knudson's Two-Hit Hypothesis, what is the multi-step nature of carcinogenesis attributed to?

Genetic mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genes regulate cell growth and differentiation, and have the potential to become cellular oncogenes?

Proto-oncogenes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms of oncogene activation?

DNA mismatch-repair Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA mismatch-repair genes?

Recognize and repair errors during replication and recombination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the hallmarks of cancer?

Inducing apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of BCL2 in cancer cells?

Resist apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rearrangement is often detected in haematological malignancies and some solid tumors?

Interchromosomal translocations Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation through chromosomal rearrangements?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to detect amplification of the MECOM gene in an AML patient with a ring 3 chromosome?

Directed metaphase FISH Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MYC-IGH dual colour dual fusion LSI probe in FISH?

To detect MYC and IGH fusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a point mutation in an oncogene?

Mutation of the K-ras gene at codon 12 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of oncogene activation?

Translation of viral RNA into proviral DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Abl gene in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

It is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of gene amplification in oncogenesis?

It results in deregulated cell growth Signup and view all the answers

Which type of recurrent rearrangement involves a segment being reversed end to end?

Inversion Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation in case study 1, where the patient has Mantle Cell Lymphoma with t(11;14)(q13;q32)?

De regulated expression of oncogenes via regulatory control of an immunoglobulin gene IGH Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation in case study 2, where the patient has Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia with t(11;14)(q23;q32)?

De regulated expression of oncogenes via regulatory control of an immunoglobulin gene IGH Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation in case study 3, where the patient has Burkitt Lymphoma with t(8;14)(q24;q32)?

De regulated expression of oncogenes via regulatory control of an immunoglobulin gene IGH Signup and view all the answers

Oncogene Activation and DNA Mismatch-Repair Genes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of carcinogenesis?

What is the function of a tumour suppressor gene?

What is Knudson's Two-Hit Hypothesis?

Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?

Which scenario involves the overexpression of BCL-2::IGH translocation?

What is the function of telomeres in cells?

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of cancer?

Which of the following is a characteristic of tumour suppressor genes?

What is the primary site in the body where the cancer first developed?

What is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells?

Which theory of carcinogenesis focuses on the disruption of interactions between cells that maintain tissue architecture, repair, and regulation?

Which theory of carcinogenesis involves genetic changes other than mutations, such as hypermethylation of genes?

According to Knudson's Two-Hit Hypothesis, what is the multi-step nature of carcinogenesis attributed to?

Which type of genes regulate cell growth and differentiation, and have the potential to become cellular oncogenes?

Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms of oncogene activation?

What is the main function of DNA mismatch-repair genes?

Which of the following is NOT one of the hallmarks of cancer?

What is the main function of BCL2 in cancer cells?

Which type of rearrangement is often detected in haematological malignancies and some solid tumors?

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation through chromosomal rearrangements?

Which technique is used to detect amplification of the MECOM gene in an AML patient with a ring 3 chromosome?

What is the purpose of the MYC-IGH dual colour dual fusion LSI probe in FISH?

Which of the following is an example of a point mutation in an oncogene?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of oncogene activation?

What is the function of the Abl gene in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

What is the effect of gene amplification in oncogenesis?

Which type of recurrent rearrangement involves a segment being reversed end to end?

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation in case study 1, where the patient has Mantle Cell Lymphoma with t(11;14)(q13;q32)?

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation in case study 2, where the patient has Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia with t(11;14)(q23;q32)?

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation in case study 3, where the patient has Burkitt Lymphoma with t(8;14)(q24;q32)?

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