Unraveling Oncogene Activation
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Unraveling Oncogene Activation

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?

  • Abnormal gene function
  • Dysregulation of cell proliferation
  • Invasion of local tissue
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the primary site in the body where cancer first developed?

  • Lungs (correct)
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Brain

    • Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of oncogene activation?

  • Mutations
  • Rearrangements
  • Amplification
  • Tumor suppressor genes (correct)

    • Which of the following was the first FDA-approved gene therapy?

    <p>Imatinib mesylate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of proto-oncogenes?

    <p>They regulate cell growth and differentiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an oncogene involved in signal transduction?

    <p>Ras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of growth factor receptors as oncogenes?

    <p>Overexpression or amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of oncogene activation that involves mutations?

    <p>Mutations altering the structure of proto-oncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromosomal rearrangement is often detected in haematological malignancies and some solid tumors?

    <p>Interchromosomal translocations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of oncogene activation through chromosomal rearrangements?

    <p>Formation of novel hybrid fusion genes with transforming activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of abnormalities detected in haematological malignancies?

    <p>Numerical gains/losses, intrachromosomal inversions, and structural aberrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the example of a case study involving double minutes (dmins) in an Acute Myeloid Leukaemia patient?

    <p>Case 1: AML patient with double minutes - directed metaphase FISH showing myc amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue in which cancer can originate?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor that can lead to genetic changes and cause cancer to develop?

    <p>Diet and Exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carcinogenesis?

    <p>Normal cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of carcinogenesis suggests that carcinogenic agents disrupt interactions between cells that maintain tissue architecture?

    <p>Tissue Organization Field Theory (TOFT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of oncogene activation?

    <p>DNA mismatch-repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of faulty repair in the DNA mismatch-repair system?

    <p>Microsatellite instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of cancer?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cancer cells sustain growth signaling?

    <p>By producing their own growth factor molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of recurrent rearrangement involves a segment being reversed end to end?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of oncogene activation, which mechanism involves the formation of novel hybrid fusion genes?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case study of a patient with Mantle Cell Lymphoma and the t(11;14)(q13;q32) rearrangement, which gene is involved in the G1 to S transition?

    <p>CCND1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an outcome triggered by the activation of tumor suppressor genes?

    <p>Induce senescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of telomeres?

    <p>They protect the ends of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?

    <p>Enabling replicative immortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of TP53 in angiogenesis?

    <p>It regulates the balance of inducers and inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are involved in tissue invasion and metastasis?

    <p>Cadherins and integrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of integrins in cell attachment and integrity?

    <p>They mediate cell attachment and integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic alterations can activate invasion and metastasis?

    <p>Alterations in cadherins and integrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

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