30 Questions
Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?
All of the above
What is the primary site in the body where cancer first developed?
Lungs
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of oncogene activation?
Tumor suppressor genes
Which of the following was the first FDA-approved gene therapy?
Imatinib mesylate
Which of the following is a characteristic of proto-oncogenes?
They regulate cell growth and differentiation.
Which of the following is an example of an oncogene involved in signal transduction?
Ras
What is the mechanism of action of growth factor receptors as oncogenes?
Overexpression or amplification
What is the mechanism of oncogene activation that involves mutations?
Mutations altering the structure of proto-oncogenes
Which type of chromosomal rearrangement is often detected in haematological malignancies and some solid tumors?
Interchromosomal translocations
What is the mechanism of oncogene activation through chromosomal rearrangements?
Formation of novel hybrid fusion genes with transforming activity
What are the types of abnormalities detected in haematological malignancies?
Numerical gains/losses, intrachromosomal inversions, and structural aberrations
What is the example of a case study involving double minutes (dmins) in an Acute Myeloid Leukaemia patient?
Case 1: AML patient with double minutes - directed metaphase FISH showing myc amplification
Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue in which cancer can originate?
Skin
Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor that can lead to genetic changes and cause cancer to develop?
Diet and Exercise
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carcinogenesis?
Normal cell division
Which theory of carcinogenesis suggests that carcinogenic agents disrupt interactions between cells that maintain tissue architecture?
Tissue Organization Field Theory (TOFT)
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of oncogene activation?
DNA mismatch-repair
What is one consequence of faulty repair in the DNA mismatch-repair system?
Microsatellite instability
Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of cancer?
Inflammation
How do cancer cells sustain growth signaling?
By producing their own growth factor molecules
Which type of recurrent rearrangement involves a segment being reversed end to end?
Inversion
In the context of oncogene activation, which mechanism involves the formation of novel hybrid fusion genes?
Inversion
In the case study of a patient with Mantle Cell Lymphoma and the t(11;14)(q13;q32) rearrangement, which gene is involved in the G1 to S transition?
CCND1
Which of the following is NOT an outcome triggered by the activation of tumor suppressor genes?
Induce senescence
Which of the following is a characteristic of telomeres?
They protect the ends of chromosomes
Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?
Enabling replicative immortality
What is the role of TP53 in angiogenesis?
It regulates the balance of inducers and inhibitors
Which molecules are involved in tissue invasion and metastasis?
Cadherins and integrins
What is the role of integrins in cell attachment and integrity?
They mediate cell attachment and integrity
Which genetic alterations can activate invasion and metastasis?
Alterations in cadherins and integrins
Test your knowledge on oncogene activation mechanisms with this quiz. Learn about the different ways oncogenes can be activated, including mutation, gene amplification, and chromosomal rearrangements. Explore the role of cancer-associated genes, such as proto-oncogenes and oncogenes, as well as the mechanisms behind tumour suppressor genes and DNA mismatch-repair genes. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of oncogene activation.
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