Unraveling Oncogene Activation

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?

  • Abnormal gene function
  • Dysregulation of cell proliferation
  • Invasion of local tissue
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the primary site in the body where cancer first developed?

  • Lungs (correct)
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Brain

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of oncogene activation?

  • Mutations
  • Rearrangements
  • Amplification
  • Tumor suppressor genes (correct)

Which of the following was the first FDA-approved gene therapy?

<p>Imatinib mesylate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of proto-oncogenes?

<p>They regulate cell growth and differentiation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an oncogene involved in signal transduction?

<p>Ras (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of growth factor receptors as oncogenes?

<p>Overexpression or amplification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation that involves mutations?

<p>Mutations altering the structure of proto-oncogenes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromosomal rearrangement is often detected in haematological malignancies and some solid tumors?

<p>Interchromosomal translocations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of oncogene activation through chromosomal rearrangements?

<p>Formation of novel hybrid fusion genes with transforming activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of abnormalities detected in haematological malignancies?

<p>Numerical gains/losses, intrachromosomal inversions, and structural aberrations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the example of a case study involving double minutes (dmins) in an Acute Myeloid Leukaemia patient?

<p>Case 1: AML patient with double minutes - directed metaphase FISH showing myc amplification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue in which cancer can originate?

<p>Skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor that can lead to genetic changes and cause cancer to develop?

<p>Diet and Exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carcinogenesis?

<p>Normal cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of carcinogenesis suggests that carcinogenic agents disrupt interactions between cells that maintain tissue architecture?

<p>Tissue Organization Field Theory (TOFT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of oncogene activation?

<p>DNA mismatch-repair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of faulty repair in the DNA mismatch-repair system?

<p>Microsatellite instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of cancer?

<p>Inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells sustain growth signaling?

<p>By producing their own growth factor molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of recurrent rearrangement involves a segment being reversed end to end?

<p>Inversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of oncogene activation, which mechanism involves the formation of novel hybrid fusion genes?

<p>Inversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case study of a patient with Mantle Cell Lymphoma and the t(11;14)(q13;q32) rearrangement, which gene is involved in the G1 to S transition?

<p>CCND1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an outcome triggered by the activation of tumor suppressor genes?

<p>Induce senescence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of telomeres?

<p>They protect the ends of chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?

<p>Enabling replicative immortality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TP53 in angiogenesis?

<p>It regulates the balance of inducers and inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are involved in tissue invasion and metastasis?

<p>Cadherins and integrins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of integrins in cell attachment and integrity?

<p>They mediate cell attachment and integrity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic alterations can activate invasion and metastasis?

<p>Alterations in cadherins and integrins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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