30 Questions
Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer according to the text?
Enabling replicative immortality
What is the role of telomeres in cell lifespan according to the text?
Telomeres maintain chromosome ends
What is the function of telomerase in normal cells according to the text?
Telomerase maintains telomere length
Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?
Invasion of local tissue
Which of the following is an environmental factor that can lead to genetic changes and cause cancer to develop?
Physical Agents
What is the primary site in the body where the cancer first developed in Australia in 2022?
Skin
Which theory of carcinogenesis proposes that normal cells are transformed into cancer cells through abnormal cell division?
Epigenetic Theory
Which of the following best describes the concept of carcinogenesis?
A multi-step process involving genetic and epigenetic changes in cellular division and regulation
Which of the following accurately describes oncogenes?
Genes that cause cancer when they are activated
Which hypothesis describes the role of tumor suppressor genes in cancer development?
Knudson's Two-Hit Hypothesis
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of oncogene activation?
Gene deletion
What type of mutation can lead to uncontrolled continuous activity of an oncogene?
Point mutations
Which gene is commonly amplified in small-cell lung cancer, breast/ovarian cancer, and leukemias?
c-myc
What is the role of the TAX gene in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma?
Promotes proliferation
Which type of recurrent rearrangement involves a segment being reversed end to end?
Inversion
Which mechanism of oncogene activation involves the formation of novel hybrid fusion genes?
Inversion
Which gene is involved in G1 to S transition and is activated by chromosomal translocation in mantle cell lymphoma?
CCND1
Which is NOT an outcome triggered by tumor suppressor activation?
Increase cell proliferation
Which of the following is a mechanism of oncogene activation?
All of the above
What is the function of a growth suppressor?
To control cell growth
Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?
Enabling replicative immortality
How can cancer cells resist apoptosis?
Mutation/loss of TP53
According to the Tissue Organization Field Theory (TOFT), how do carcinogenic agents contribute to cancer development?
By disrupting interactions between cells that maintain tissue architecture
Which theory of carcinogenesis involves a multi-step process that requires more than one mutation?
Somatic Mutation Theory (SMT)
What are epigenetic modifications in the context of cancer development?
Non-mutational changes that affect gene expression
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer-associated genes?
DNA mismatch-repair genes
Which type of chromosomal rearrangement is often detected in haematological malignancies and some solid tumors?
Interchromosomal translocations
What are the two mechanisms by which oncogenes can be activated through chromosomal rearrangements?
Both A and B
Which type of abnormality refers to segments within a chromosome that are reversed end to end?
Intrachromosomal inversions
Which technique is commonly used to detect gene amplification in haematological malignancies?
Interphase FISH
Test your knowledge on the activation mechanisms of oncogenes and cancer-associated genes in this quiz. Explore topics such as mutation, gene amplification, chromosomal rearrangements, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA mismatch-repair genes. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of oncogene activation mechanisms.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
