Questions and Answers
What phylum and class do subclass oligochaete belong to?
What type of feeders are oligochaetes?
What are calciferous glands?
They regulate pH and remove excess calcium from food.
How many pairs of setae do oligochaetes have?
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What is different about longitudinal muscles in oligochaetes?
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Describe the locomotion of oligochaetes.
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What happens when the circular muscles contract?
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What happens when the longitudinal muscles contract?
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What is hemoglobin in oligochaetes composed of?
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What is the function of their pseudo heart?
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Why can't oligochaetes stay in the sun for too long?
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What is a Clitellum?
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What does Albumin do?
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What are seminal receptors?
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What do seminal grooves do?
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What do seminal vessels store?
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Describe the process of fertilization in oligochaetes.
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What is external fertilization?
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Study Notes
Phylum and Class
- Oligochaeta belongs to Phylum Annelida and Class Clitellata.
Feeding Habits
- Oligochaetes are direct deposit feeders and detritivores, contributing to soil fertility.
Calciferous Glands
- These glands regulate pH levels and help remove excess calcium from ingested food.
Setae
- Oligochaetes possess one pair of setae per segment, aiding in movement and traction.
Muscle Arrangement
- Longitudinal muscles differ from other annelids as they are not arranged in block-like structures.
Locomotion
- Movement involves burrowing and a giant axon, which coordinates muscle contractions, creating peristaltic waves for progress.
Circular Muscle Contraction
- When circular muscles contract, segments narrow, and setae are retracted to aid in burrowing.
Longitudinal Muscle Contraction
- Contraction of longitudinal muscles causes segments to widen, extending setae outward for stabilization.
Hemoglobin Composition
- Hemoglobin consists of protoporphyrin, iron, and globin, essential for oxygen transport.
Pseudo Heart Function
- A pseudo heart enables blood circulation to the anterior part of the body, facilitating nutrient and gas exchange.
Sun Exposure
- Oligochaetes must limit sun exposure; prolonged UV exposure can interfere with hemoglobin, causing paralysis.
Clitellum
- The clitellum secretes mucus for copulation and forms a protective cocoon for eggs.
Albumin
- Surrounds eggs in the cocoon, providing nutrients and supporting terrestrial adaptations.
Seminal Receptors
- These structures serve as openings for storing sperm from other worms during mating.
Seminal Grooves
- Seminal grooves run along the clitellum surface to the male pore, guiding the movement of sperm.
Seminal Vessels
- Seminal vessels store sperm, playing a critical role in reproduction.
Fertilization Process
- Involves mucous sheath formation by the clitellum to protect gametes, transfer of male gametes between worms via seminal grooves, and subsequent separation of worms.
External Fertilization
- The cocoon contains eggs, albumin, and yolk, providing nutrients to developing embryos; no free larval stage occurs, and the cocoon is sealed for overwintering, protecting embryos.
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Description
This quiz explores the characteristics of Oligochaeta, a class within the Phylum Annelida. Learn about their feeding habits, muscle arrangements, and unique locomotion techniques. Test your knowledge on how these organisms contribute to soil fertility and their biological adaptations.