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Study Notes
Annelida Phylum
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Characteristic features of Annelids
- Bodies have a series of repeating segments (metamerism)
- Segmented body parts have muscle tissue, nerves, excretory organs
- External body covering is called cuticle, which serves as a protective layer and facilitates gas exchange.
- Chaetae (bristles/setae) for locomotion and support
- Parapodia are present in some species (used for swimming and crawling)
- Some species have eyes and sensory tentacles.
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Polychaetes (marine worms)
- Many setae for locomotion and gas exchange
- Parapodia aid in movement
- Eyes and sensory tentacles on the head
- Active, mobile predators (Errantia) or filter feeders (Sedentaria)
- Build protective tubes using sand grains, mud, or calcium carbonate
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Oligochaetes (earthworms)
- No parapodia, fewer setae
- Simple head without eyes or tentacles
- Mostly terrestrial or freshwater
- Locomotion via peristaltic waves (muscle contractions)
- Hermaphroditic
- Important role in soil aeration and nutrient mixing through feeding and burrowing in the soil
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Hirudinida (leeches)
- No setae
- Posterior sucker for attachment
- Mostly ectoparasites feeding on vertebrate or invertebrate blood.
- Secrete anticoagulants during feeding.
- Some species have 3 toothed jaws to cut into host skin.
- Hermaphroditic with internal fertilization
- Used in medicine for improving blood flow and removing clots.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Annelida phylum, including the characteristic features, differences between polychaetes and oligochaetes, and their modes of locomotion. This quiz covers the anatomy and ecology of these fascinating segmented worms. Explore how they adapt to their environments and the roles they play in the ecosystem.
