Oil & Gas Production Operations Quiz

Crude Oil Chemistry

• Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules, which are organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms.
• Crude oil contains mainly three classes of hydrocarbons: paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics.

Crude Oil Properties

• Cloud point: the temperature at which dissolved solids are no longer completely soluble, precipitating as a second phase giving the fluid a cloudy appearance.
• Pour point: the temperature at which the crude oil becomes semi-solid and ceases to flow.

Floating Production System (FPS)

• Consists of a semi-submersible unit equipped with drilling and production equipment.

Floating Production, Storage & Offloading System (FPSO)

• Consists of a large tanker type vessel moored to the seafloor.

Main Processing Facility

• The main objective of a production facility is to process the well fluids into clean, marketable products.
• A typical oil, natural gas production facility consists of the following systems:
  • Process Variables Table
  • Stream Number
  • Vapour Fraction
  • Pressure bar g
  • Temperature °C
  • Liquid m3/hr
  • Vapour Am3/hr
  • Total flow m3/hr

Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

• H-001: Electrical Heater / Heater
• V-001: Two-phase separator
• P-002: Chemical dosing pump / Corrosion inhibitor pump
• V-003 A/B: Filters
• E-001 A/B: Fin fan Coolers

Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID)

• A P&ID gives a complete and detailed representation of a process plant.
• Legend: shows symbols and names used in the drawing.
• Title Block: shows the plant name, drawing number, date, scale, and revision number.
• Equipment Data Block: provides detailed information about the equipment.
• Diagram: shows the process piping together with the equipment and instrumentation.

Heat Exchangers

• Heat Transfer Modes:
  • Conduction: exchange of energy by direct interaction between molecules of a substance with temperature differences.
  • Convection: heat transfer due to the combined influence of bulk and random motion for fluid flow over a surface.
  • Radiation: energy that is emitted by matter due to changes in the electron configurations of its atoms or molecules and is transported as electromagnetic waves (or photons).
• HEs Classification Based on Type of Construction:
  • Shell and tube HE
  • Plate HE
  • Fin fan cooler and Fired heater

Storage Tanks

• Selection criteria for a fixed roof tank.

Hazards and Safety

• Hazards associated with Electric Motor operation:
  • Electric shock
  • Electric burns
  • Exposure to arc-flash
• Hazards associated with Steam Turbine operation:
  • Wet steam hazard
  • Heat and high-pressure hazard
  • Warm-up hazard
  • Over-speeding
  • Slips and falls hazard
• Safety checks associated with Steam Turbine operation:
  • Safe operation of steam turbine requires careful observance of all safety rules and safety procedures to protect serious injury to personal and prevent damage to equipment.

Air Compressor and Air Receiver

• Air Compressor discharge is routed to the Air Receiver 700-V-1502 via After Cooler.
• Compressed air from the Air Receiver is supplied to the Process Air header and to all 4 PTPPs.
• Process air is supplied at a pressure of 6.0 barg and 40 oC.
• Compressed Air from the Air Receiver is supplied to the Instrument Air Dryers 700-A-1503A/B.
• The Instrument Air Dryer package consists of two Refrigerated type dryers 700-A-1503A/B.
• Air Dryers are supplied by Ingersoll Rand.
• Dried air from the dryer package is supplied to the Instrument Air distribution header.
• The Air Receiver has up to 5 minutes capacity between normal and minimum operating pressures to allow safe operation and shutdown of the plant in the event of loss of air.

This quiz covers the basics of crude oil chemistry, including the composition of hydrocarbon molecules and types of hydrocarbons found in crude oil.