Oil & Gas Industry and Sustainable Development

Questions and Answers

Which sector produces the most CO2?

Manufacturing and Construction

Residences

Electricity and Heat Production (correct)

Transportation

What is a non-renewable energy source?

One which will run out (correct)

One which will not run out

One which can be renewed

None of the above

What is a renewable energy source?

One which will run out

One which won't run out (correct)

One which can't be renewed

None of the above

Which of these are renewable energy sources?

Wind, sun, tidal Signup and view all the answers

Identify the number of National Key Economic Areas that the Economic Transformation Program (ETP) focuses on as announced in the Tenth Malaysia Plan.

12 Signup and view all the answers

Identify which one of the following is NOT a National Key Economic Area (NKEA).

Education Signup and view all the answers

What can individuals do to help realize the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

In crude oil, what is the MAIN product from Naphtha?

Kerosene Signup and view all the answers

Name the MAIN element that is required to run a nuclear plant.

Uranium Signup and view all the answers

Identify one of the major international oil and gas companies that is currently operating in Malaysia.

Aker Solutions Signup and view all the answers

As of July 2017, OPEC oil production is approximated at about:

44% out of World total Signup and view all the answers

Hydrocarbon produced in Malaysia has made PETRONAS as an:

One of the world’s largest natural gas suppliers Signup and view all the answers

There are four scenarios for Malaysia to be a net oil exporter. Identify which one of the following is TRUE.

Increase oil production through enhanced oil recovery Signup and view all the answers

Proper field life cycle sequence is:

Exploration - Development - Production Signup and view all the answers

The wildcat well, or the first well drilled on a prospect, is to:

Proof for hydrocarbon presence Signup and view all the answers

In the life of a field, the appraisal stage is the time duration for:

Determine volume of reserve Signup and view all the answers

Igneous rock can form above ground, where the magma cools quickly. Igneous rock can also form underground, where the magma cools slowly.

True Signup and view all the answers

Metamorphic rock transforms into sediments through the cooling of magma.

False Signup and view all the answers

Select the TRUE statement about the rock cycle.

Sedimentary rock is formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments. Signup and view all the answers

Select the components on Earth's surface that can break rock into pieces.

Wind Signup and view all the answers

A reservoir rock is a place where oil migrates to and is held underground. Select the CORRECT examples of reservoir rock from the following:

Dolostones, Limestone, Sandstone Signup and view all the answers

The following are the applications of Gravimetric survey, EXCEPT:

Deep seismic reflection survey. Signup and view all the answers

The followings are rock properties, EXCEPT:

Formation volume factor Signup and view all the answers

Select the TRUE statement about seal rock:

The permeability of a seal capable of retaining fluids through geologic time is between $10^{-6}$ to $10^{-8}$ Darcies. Signup and view all the answers

The 'Seismic Technology' value chain in Feedforward method is:

Acquisition - Processing & Imaging - Interpretation - QI Evaluation - Reservoir Characterization. Signup and view all the answers

Based on Darcy's equation, the flow rate is directly proportional to:

Permeability Signup and view all the answers

Select the CORRECT statement about Gravimetric survey:

Gravimetric surveys are carried out using extremely sensitive instruments capable of measuring tiny variations in the gravitational field. Signup and view all the answers

Seismic ground geophysical methods are techniques applied based on the study of the propagation of seismic waves. Select the CORRECT techniques used in seismic method:

Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) Signup and view all the answers

___ is the tendency of one fluid to spread on the solid surface in presence of other immiscible fluids.

Wettability Signup and view all the answers

___ is the energy that determines the flow of fluid in porous media.

Pressure gradient Signup and view all the answers

The average worldwide oil recovery is ___

35% Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is a secondary recovery method?

c and B Signup and view all the answers

___ is the least efficient primary driving mechanism.

Dissolved gas drive Signup and view all the answers

The ultimate recovery of internal gas drive mechanism is ___

10% to 40% Signup and view all the answers

Steam flooding increases the oil production by:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is FALSE about reservoir surveillance?

It is a one-time program to evaluate the economic viability of the reservoir. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following definitions is NOT correct?

Drilling line: A heavy-duty clamp Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first step in the sequence of drilling operation?

Rig up Signup and view all the answers

A cutting tool used to create cylindrical holes during drilling operations is known as:

Drill-bit Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is used to separate drill cuttings from the drilling fluid before it is pumped back down the borehole?

Degasser Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a circulating system is used to remove entrained gases from drilling fluid?

Degasser Signup and view all the answers

Choose a drilling rig system that is used to transfer the power required to cut through the formation.

Rotary system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of fixed cutter bit?

Natural diamonds bit Signup and view all the answers

One of the following is part of a hoisting system whose main function is to reel in and out the drill line in order to raise or lower the drill string.

Drawworks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the hoisting system?

Top drive Signup and view all the answers

The main function of cementing a wellbore is to:

Provide a bond between the casing and open hole Signup and view all the answers

Some common basic surface processing facilities are:

Separators and compressors Signup and view all the answers

The compressor station is the final destination of crude oil in a gathering system.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tubing head?

To allow access to tubing-casing annulus Signup and view all the answers

The design of process equipment depends on the following factors, EXCEPT:

Liquid condensation Signup and view all the answers

Produced gas is dehydrated by flowing through:

Triethylene Glycol (TEG) Signup and view all the answers

The following requirements are considered for selection of appropriate storage system, EXCEPT:

Reynolds number Signup and view all the answers

If the upstream pressure is too high, it is recommended to use a positive choke in series with an adjustable choke.

True Signup and view all the answers

The equipment that is used to handle stream with unusually high Gas-to-Liquid Ratio (GLR) is:

Scrubber Signup and view all the answers

The following are the advantages of vertical separators, EXCEPT:

Liquid level and fluids control not critical Signup and view all the answers

The following are types of positive and kinetic pumps, EXCEPT:

Axial Signup and view all the answers

Petroleum refining is:

A process of separating different products from the crude oil Signup and view all the answers

Please arrange the oil and gas transportation in accordance.

Planning, Scheduling, Executing, Reporting Signup and view all the answers

The three basic steps in refining are ___, cracking and treating.

Distillation Signup and view all the answers

A dense and sticky hydrocarbon is also referred to as:

Asphalts Signup and view all the answers

What property plays a major role in separating products from crude oil?

Boiling point Signup and view all the answers

A sour crude oil contains more:

Sulphur Signup and view all the answers

How much of the world oil and gas production is estimated to be used in petrochemical production?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the pricing & demand of oil & gas?

Oil contract Signup and view all the answers

The choice of feedstocks is governed by the following factors:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT an element for sustainability?

Employment Signup and view all the answers

What kind of strategies does sustainable development focus on?

Long-term Signup and view all the answers

One of the sustainability elements is Environment; which one of the followings is NOT related to Environment?

Investment Signup and view all the answers

How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been agreed to by all the world's nations as part of the 2030 Agenda?

17 Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts that the Brundtland definition comprises of?

Development, Needs and Future Generations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of sustainable development?

Reduce environmental issues Signup and view all the answers

Ecology is the study of:

Relationships between organisms and their environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the sustainable development goals?

Provision of internet services for all Signup and view all the answers

The term sustainability refers to:

Keeping the natural environment and human society in a happy, healthy and functional state Signup and view all the answers

According to the first goal of sustainable development goals related to poverty, what is the aim of this Goal?

End poverty in all its forms everywhere Signup and view all the answers

What are the key issues in sustainable development?

A and C Signup and view all the answers

One of the following is the MOST widely discussed impact of climate change:

Increase in average sea level Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of climate change and global warming?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the sustainable development goals?

False Signup and view all the answers

To which countries are the sustainable development goals designed to apply?

All countries, both rich and poor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Oil & Gas Industry and Sustainable Development

Examination held on April 27, 2018, at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS.
Instructions provided for answering questions using an OMR sheet and 2B pencil.
Structure includes multiple-choice questions covering various topics related to oil, gas, and sustainable practices.

Key Topics in Oil and Gas

Scenarios for Malaysia as Net Oil Exporter: Increasing oil production through enhanced recovery is a valid strategy.
Field Life Cycle: Proper sequence includes Exploration, Appraisal, and Development followed by Production.
Wildcat Wells: First wells aim to prove hydrocarbon presence.
Appraisal Stage: Used to determine reserve volumes.

Geological Concepts

Igneous Rock Formation: Forms above ground or underground based on cooling rates.
Rock Cycle: Includes the formation of sedimentary rock through compaction and cementation.
Seal Rock: Must be relatively impermeable to protect reservoir rocks from fluid migration.

Seismic Technology and Surveys

Seismic Value Chain: Involves Acquisition, Processing & Imaging, and Interpretation.
Gravimetric Surveys: Early method in oil and gas exploration using differences in density.

Hydraulics and Flow Mechanics

Darcy's Law: Flow rate is directly proportional to permeability, cross-sectional area, and pressure gradient.
Surface Tension: Refers to the tendency of fluids to spread on solid surfaces with other immiscible fluids.

Recovery Methods

Average Oil Recovery: Globally around 35%.
Recovery Mechanisms: Includes the least efficient primary driving mechanism which is Rock and Fluid Expansion.
Steam Flooding: Enhances oil production by reducing viscosity and improving mobility ratios.

Drilling Operations

Drilling Components:
- Drill-bit creates cylindrical holes.
- Shale shaker separates cuttings from drilling fluid.
Hoisting System: Key part of drilling operations involving drawworks and travelling block.

Petroleum Processing

Cementing: Bonds casing to the wellbore, critical for effective drilling.
Vertical Separators: Handle fluids and maintain control of liquid levels during processing.

Sustainability in Oil & Gas

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 17 goals aimed at promoting health, well-being, and innovation globally.
Focus Areas: Poverty reduction, climate change, and energy security are key issues.
Climate Change Impact: Increased average sea level and altered weather patterns recognized as significant effects.

Renewable Energy and Economic Transformation

Energy Sources:
- Non-renewable sources are finite and will eventually deplete, while renewable sources can regenerate.
Economic Transformation Programme: A Malaysian initiative aiming for high-income economy status, focused on specific National Key Economic Areas.

Engagement and Responsibility

Individual Actions: People can contribute to achieving SDGs through advocacy, project participation, and responsible decision-making to support sustainable practices.

Misconceptions to Avoid

Misunderstandings regarding reservoir surveillance and drilling operations can lead to inefficiencies and misapplications in oil and gas extraction methods.

These notes serve as a guide for understanding the foundational concepts of the oil and gas industry, its operational methodologies, as well as the importance of sustainable development within the sector.### Naphtha and its Products

The main product derived from naphtha is LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas).
Other potential products from naphtha include kerosene, solvents, and paraffins.

Nuclear Energy

The primary element essential for operating a nuclear power plant is uranium.
Uranium is key in the nuclear fission process used to generate energy.

Oil and Gas Industry in Malaysia

Malaysia aims to establish itself as a regional hub for the oil and gas value chain by attracting major international companies.
Notable international oil and gas companies operating in Malaysia include Aker Solutions.

OPEC Oil Production

As of July 2017, OPEC's oil production accounted for approximately 44% of the total world oil production.

PETRONAS Contributions

PETRONAS has played a significant role in Malaysia's hydrocarbon production, positioning the company as a major oil and gas supplier domestically and regionally.
PETRONAS is recognized as one of the world's largest natural gas suppliers and is listed among Fortune 500 companies.

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Description

This quiz assesses your knowledge of the oil and gas industry, focusing on sustainable development practices. With multiple-choice questions covering key scenarios and strategies, it invites reflection on Malaysia's role as a net oil exporter. Prepare yourself to tackle various topics related to this important sector.