Introduction to Oil & Gas Industry

Questions and Answers

Which sector produces the most CO2?

Transportation

Electricity and Heat Production (correct)

Manufacturing and Construction

Residences

What is a non-renewable energy source?

One which will run out (correct)

One which will not run out

One which can be renewed

None of the above

What is a renewable energy source?

One which will run out

One which won't run out (correct)

One which can't be renewed

None of the above

Which of these are renewable energy sources?

Wind, sun, tidal Signup and view all the answers

Identify the number of National Key Economic Areas that the Economic Transformation Program focusses on as announced in the Tenth Malaysia Plan.

12 Signup and view all the answers

Identify which one of the following is NOT one of the National Key Economic Areas.

Education Signup and view all the answers

What can individuals do to help realize the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

In crude oil, what is the MAIN product from Naphtha?

Kerosene Signup and view all the answers

Name the MAIN element that is required to run a nuclear plant.

Uranium Signup and view all the answers

Identify one of the major international oil and gas companies that is currently operating in Malaysia.

Bumi Armada Signup and view all the answers

As of July 2017, OPEC oil production is approximated about:

44% out of World total Signup and view all the answers

Hydrocarbon produced in Malaysia has made PETRONAS as an:

One of the world's largest natural gas suppliers Signup and view all the answers

There are four scenarios for Malaysia to be a net oil exporter. Identify which one of the following is TRUE.

Increase oil production through enhanced oil recovery Signup and view all the answers

Proper field life cycle sequence is:

Exploration - Development - Production Signup and view all the answers

The wildcat well, or the first well drilled on a prospect, is to:

Proof for hydrocarbon presence Signup and view all the answers

In the life of a field, the appraisal stage is the time duration for:

Determine volume of reserves Signup and view all the answers

Igneous rock can form above ground, where the magma cools quickly. Igneous rock can also form underground, where the magma cools slowly.

True Signup and view all the answers

Metamorphic rock transforms into sediments through the cooling of magma.

False Signup and view all the answers

Select the TRUE statement about the rock cycle.

Sedimentary rock is formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments. Signup and view all the answers

Select the components on Earth's surface that can break rock into pieces.

Water Signup and view all the answers

A reservoir rock is a place where oil migrates to and is held underground. Select the CORRECT examples of reservoir rock from the following:

Limestone Signup and view all the answers

The following are the applications of Gravimetric survey, EXCEPT:

Deep seismic reflection survey. Signup and view all the answers

The followings are rock properties, EXCEPT:

Formation volume factor Signup and view all the answers

Select the TRUE statement about seal rock:

The permeability of a seal capable of retaining fluids is between 10^-6 to 10^-8 Darcies. Signup and view all the answers

The 'Seismic Technology' value chain in the Feedforward method is:

Acquisition - Processing & Imaging - Interpretation - QI Evaluation - Reservoir Characterization. Signup and view all the answers

Based on Darcy's equation, the flow rate is directly proportional to:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Select the CORRECT statement about Gravimetric survey.

Gravimetric surveys are carried out using sensitive instruments capable of measuring tiny variations in the gravitational field. Signup and view all the answers

Seismic ground geophysical methods are techniques applied based on the study of the propagation of seismic waves. Select the CORRECT techniques used in seismic methods.

Reflection Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the tendency of one fluid to spread on the solid surface in the presence of other immiscible fluids.

Wettability Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the energy that determines the flow of fluid in porous media.

Pressure gradient Signup and view all the answers

The average worldwide oil recovery is _____

35% Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is a secondary recovery method?

A and B Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the least efficient primary driving mechanism.

Rock and fluid expansion Signup and view all the answers

The ultimate recovery of internal gas drive mechanism is _____

10% to 40% Signup and view all the answers

Steam flooding increases oil production by:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is FALSE about reservoir surveillance?

It is a one-time program to evaluate economic viability of the reservoir Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following definitions is NOT correct?

Drilling line: A heavy-duty clamps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first step in the sequence of drilling operation?

Rig up Signup and view all the answers

A cutting tool used to create cylindrical holes during drilling operations is known as:

Drill-bit Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is used to separate drill cuttings from the drilling fluid before it is pumped back down the borehole?

Shale shaker Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a circulating system is used to remove entrained gases from drilling fluid?

Degasser Signup and view all the answers

Choose a drilling rig system that is used to transfer the power required to cut through the formation.

Rotary system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of fixed cutter bit?

Natural diamonds bit Signup and view all the answers

One of the following is part of a hoisting system whose main function is to reel in and out the drill line in order to raise or lower the drill string.

Drawworks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the hoisting system?

Top drive Signup and view all the answers

The main function of cementing a wellbore is to:

Provide a bond between the casing and open hole Signup and view all the answers

Some common basic surface processing facilities are:

Separators and compressors Signup and view all the answers

The compressor station is the final destination of crude oil in a gathering system.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tubing head?

To allow access to tubing-casing annulus Signup and view all the answers

The design of process equipment depends on the following factors, EXCEPT:

Liquid condensation Signup and view all the answers

Produced gas is dehydrated by flowing through:

Triethylene Glycol (TEG) Signup and view all the answers

The following requirements are considered for the selection of an appropriate storage system, EXCEPT:

Reynolds number Signup and view all the answers

If the upstream pressure is too high, it is recommended to use a positive choke in series with an adjustable choke.

True Signup and view all the answers

The equipment that is used to handle stream with unusually high Gas-to-Liquid Ratio (GLR) is:

Knockout vessel Signup and view all the answers

The following are the advantages of vertical separators, EXCEPT:

It can handle solids with certain design Signup and view all the answers

The following are types of positive and kinetic pumps, EXCEPT:

Axial Signup and view all the answers

Petroleum refining is:

A process of separating different products from the crude oil Signup and view all the answers

Please arrange the oil and gas transportation in accordance.

I. Reporting, II. Scheduling, III. Planning, IV. Executing Signup and view all the answers

The three basic steps in refining are _____ , cracking and treating.

Distillation Signup and view all the answers

A dense and sticky hydrocarbon is also called:

Asphalts Signup and view all the answers

What property plays a major role in separating products from crude oil?

Boiling point Signup and view all the answers

A sour crude oil contains more:

Sulphur Signup and view all the answers

How much of the world oil and gas production is estimated to be used in petrochemical production?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the pricing and demand of oil and gas?

Oil contract Signup and view all the answers

The choice of feedstocks is governed by the following factors:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT an element for sustainability?

Employment Signup and view all the answers

What kind of strategies does sustainable development focus on?

Long-term strategies Signup and view all the answers

One of the sustainability elements is the Environment, which one of the following is NOT related to the Environment?

Investment Signup and view all the answers

How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been agreed to by all the world's nations as part of the 2030 Agenda?

17 Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts that the Brundtland definition comprises of?

Development, Needs and Future Generations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of sustainable development?

Reduce environmental issues Signup and view all the answers

Ecology is the study of:

Relationships between organisms and their environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the Sustainable Development Goals?

Provision of internet services for all Signup and view all the answers

The term sustainability refers to _____

keeping the natural environment and human society in a happy, healthy and functional state. Signup and view all the answers

According to the first goal of sustainable development related to poverty, what is the aim of this Goal?

End poverty in all its forms everywhere Signup and view all the answers

What are the Key issues in sustainable development?

A and C Signup and view all the answers

One of the following is the MOST widely discussed impact of climate change:

Increase in average sea level Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of climate change and global warming?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Sustainable Development Goals?

False Signup and view all the answers

To which countries are the Sustainable Development Goals designed to apply?

All countries, both rich and poor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to the Oil & Gas Industry and Sustainable Development

Exam held on 27 April 2018, 09:00 AM - 11:00 AM, lasting 2 hours.
Answer questions on the OMR sheet using a 2B pencil, selecting one best answer.

Oil Export Scenarios for Malaysia

Increasing oil production via enhanced oil recovery is a viable option for Malaysia’s net oil exporting potential.

Field Life Cycle Stages

The proper sequence: Exploration → Appraisal → Development → Production.

Wildcat Well Purpose

The primary goal of drilling a wildcat well is to prove hydrocarbon presence.

Types of Rocks

Igneous rock can be formed both above ground and underground as magma cools at different rates.

Rock Cycle Statements

Sedimentary rock forms from the compaction of sediments, while igneous rock is created by the melting of magma.

Reservoir Rocks

Correct examples include dolostones, limestone, and sandstone, serving as storage for oil.

Geophysical Surveys

Gravimetric surveys are essential in oil exploration; however, they are not used for deep seismic reflection.

Rock Properties

Fundamental properties include porosity, saturation, and permeability; formation volume factor is not a property.

Seal Rock Definition

Seal rock is impermeable and traps fluids above reservoir rock, crucial for petroleum systems.

Seismic Technology Value Chain

Sequence in Feedforward method: Acquisition → Processing & Imaging → Interpretation → Reservoir Characterization.

Darcy’s Equation

Flow rate is influenced by permeability, cross-sectional area, and pressure gradient.

Gravimetric Survey Characteristics

Conducted with gravimeters and requires distinguishable geological structures due to density differences.

Seismic Ground Geophysical Techniques

Techniques include Refraction, Reflection, and Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW).

Fluid Mechanics

Wettability pertains to one fluid's ability to spread on a surface when other immiscible fluids are present.
The flow of fluids in porous media is determined by the pressure gradient.

Oil Recovery Rates

Average worldwide oil recovery is approximately 30-40%, while secondary recovery methods like water injection enhance production.

Drilling Operations

Initial steps involve rigging up and drilling the surface hole; the function of the drilling line includes the raising and lowering of drill string.

Separation and Processing Equipment

Equipments like shale shakers and degassers are utilized for handling drilling fluids, removing entrained gases, and separating cuttings.

Petroleum Refining

Involves distillation, cracking, and treating to separate valuable oil products from crude oil.

Pricing Factors for Oil & Gas

Pricing is influenced by distance, economic status, and political conditions; however, feedstock selection is governed by economic aspects.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Comprises 17 goals agreed upon by nations for sustainability, focusing on poverty alleviation, environmental protection, and economic growth.

Elements of Sustainability

Includes environment, society, economy, but excludes employment as a separate element.

Key Issues in Sustainable Development

Major issues consist of poverty, energy security, education, food security, climate change, and water scarcity.

Climate Change Impact

Predicted consequences of climate change include altered weather patterns, sea level rise, and intensified storms.

Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy

Non-renewable energy is defined as resources that will eventually run out, while renewable sources are sustainable indefinitely.

Economic Transformation Program (ETP) in Malaysia

Aimed to elevate Malaysia to a high-income economy by 2020, focusing on 12 National Key Economic Areas, excluding education.

Individual Contributions to SDGs

Individuals can support SDG implementation by ensuring accountability, participating in initiatives, and promoting societal change.### Crude Oil and Naphtha
The main product derived from naphtha is Paraffins.

Nuclear Power

Uranium is the primary element required to operate a nuclear plant.

Oil and Gas Industry in Malaysia

Malaysia aims to enhance its oil and gas sector by attracting major international companies to establish their operations domestically.
Aker Solutions is a significant international oil and gas company currently operating in Malaysia.

OPEC Oil Production

As of July 2017, OPEC's oil production accounts for approximately 44% of the world's total oil production.

PETRONAS and Hydrocarbons

PETRONAS has established itself as a key player in the oil and gas industry, being recognized as:
- A significant oil and gas supplier within Malaysia and the region.
- One of the largest natural gas suppliers globally.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of the oil and gas industry, focusing on sustainable development practices. Students will review oil export scenarios for Malaysia, field life cycle stages, and other critical concepts in the sector. Prepare for a comprehensive assessment based on these key areas.