Introduction to Oil & Gas Industry
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Questions and Answers

Which sector produces the most CO2?

  • Transportation
  • Electricity and Heat Production (correct)
  • Manufacturing and Construction
  • Residences

    • What is a non-renewable energy source?

  • One which will run out (correct)
  • One which will not run out
  • One which can be renewed
  • None of the above

    • What is a renewable energy source?

  • One which will run out
  • One which won't run out (correct)
  • One which can't be renewed
  • None of the above

    • Which of these are renewable energy sources?

    <p>Wind, sun, tidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the number of National Key Economic Areas that the Economic Transformation Program focusses on as announced in the Tenth Malaysia Plan.

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify which one of the following is NOT one of the National Key Economic Areas.

    <p>Education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can individuals do to help realize the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In crude oil, what is the MAIN product from Naphtha?

    <p>Kerosene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the MAIN element that is required to run a nuclear plant.

    <p>Uranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one of the major international oil and gas companies that is currently operating in Malaysia.

    <p>Bumi Armada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As of July 2017, OPEC oil production is approximated about:

    <p>44% out of World total</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrocarbon produced in Malaysia has made PETRONAS as an:

    <p>One of the world's largest natural gas suppliers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are four scenarios for Malaysia to be a net oil exporter. Identify which one of the following is TRUE.

    <p>Increase oil production through enhanced oil recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proper field life cycle sequence is:

    <p>Exploration - Development - Production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wildcat well, or the first well drilled on a prospect, is to:

    <p>Proof for hydrocarbon presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the life of a field, the appraisal stage is the time duration for:

    <p>Determine volume of reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Igneous rock can form above ground, where the magma cools quickly. Igneous rock can also form underground, where the magma cools slowly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metamorphic rock transforms into sediments through the cooling of magma.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the TRUE statement about the rock cycle.

    <p>Sedimentary rock is formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the components on Earth's surface that can break rock into pieces.

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reservoir rock is a place where oil migrates to and is held underground. Select the CORRECT examples of reservoir rock from the following:

    <p>Limestone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following are the applications of Gravimetric survey, EXCEPT:

    <p>Deep seismic reflection survey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The followings are rock properties, EXCEPT:

    <p>Formation volume factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the TRUE statement about seal rock:

    <p>The permeability of a seal capable of retaining fluids is between 10^-6 to 10^-8 Darcies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Seismic Technology' value chain in the Feedforward method is:

    <p>Acquisition - Processing &amp; Imaging - Interpretation - QI Evaluation - Reservoir Characterization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on Darcy's equation, the flow rate is directly proportional to:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the CORRECT statement about Gravimetric survey.

    <p>Gravimetric surveys are carried out using sensitive instruments capable of measuring tiny variations in the gravitational field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Seismic ground geophysical methods are techniques applied based on the study of the propagation of seismic waves. Select the CORRECT techniques used in seismic methods.

    <p>Reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ is the tendency of one fluid to spread on the solid surface in the presence of other immiscible fluids.

    <p>Wettability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ is the energy that determines the flow of fluid in porous media.

    <p>Pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average worldwide oil recovery is _____

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a secondary recovery method?

    <p>A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ is the least efficient primary driving mechanism.

    <p>Rock and fluid expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ultimate recovery of internal gas drive mechanism is _____

    <p>10% to 40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steam flooding increases oil production by:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is FALSE about reservoir surveillance?

    <p>It is a one-time program to evaluate economic viability of the reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following definitions is NOT correct?

    <p>Drilling line: A heavy-duty clamps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the first step in the sequence of drilling operation?

    <p>Rig up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cutting tool used to create cylindrical holes during drilling operations is known as:

    <p>Drill-bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is used to separate drill cuttings from the drilling fluid before it is pumped back down the borehole?

    <p>Shale shaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a circulating system is used to remove entrained gases from drilling fluid?

    <p>Degasser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose a drilling rig system that is used to transfer the power required to cut through the formation.

    <p>Rotary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of fixed cutter bit?

    <p>Natural diamonds bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the following is part of a hoisting system whose main function is to reel in and out the drill line in order to raise or lower the drill string.

    <p>Drawworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the hoisting system?

    <p>Top drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of cementing a wellbore is to:

    <p>Provide a bond between the casing and open hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some common basic surface processing facilities are:

    <p>Separators and compressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The compressor station is the final destination of crude oil in a gathering system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tubing head?

    <p>To allow access to tubing-casing annulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The design of process equipment depends on the following factors, EXCEPT:

    <p>Liquid condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Produced gas is dehydrated by flowing through:

    <p>Triethylene Glycol (TEG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following requirements are considered for the selection of an appropriate storage system, EXCEPT:

    <p>Reynolds number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the upstream pressure is too high, it is recommended to use a positive choke in series with an adjustable choke.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The equipment that is used to handle stream with unusually high Gas-to-Liquid Ratio (GLR) is:

    <p>Knockout vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following are the advantages of vertical separators, EXCEPT:

    <p>It can handle solids with certain design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The following are types of positive and kinetic pumps, EXCEPT:

    <p>Axial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Petroleum refining is:

    <p>A process of separating different products from the crude oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Please arrange the oil and gas transportation in accordance.

    <p>I. Reporting, II. Scheduling, III. Planning, IV. Executing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three basic steps in refining are _____ , cracking and treating.

    <p>Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A dense and sticky hydrocarbon is also called:

    <p>Asphalts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property plays a major role in separating products from crude oil?

    <p>Boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sour crude oil contains more:

    <p>Sulphur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of the world oil and gas production is estimated to be used in petrochemical production?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the pricing and demand of oil and gas?

    <p>Oil contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The choice of feedstocks is governed by the following factors:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is NOT an element for sustainability?

    <p>Employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of strategies does sustainable development focus on?

    <p>Long-term strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the sustainability elements is the Environment, which one of the following is NOT related to the Environment?

    <p>Investment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been agreed to by all the world's nations as part of the 2030 Agenda?

    <p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three parts that the Brundtland definition comprises of?

    <p>Development, Needs and Future Generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of sustainable development?

    <p>Reduce environmental issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecology is the study of:

    <p>Relationships between organisms and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the Sustainable Development Goals?

    <p>Provision of internet services for all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term sustainability refers to _____

    <p>keeping the natural environment and human society in a happy, healthy and functional state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the first goal of sustainable development related to poverty, what is the aim of this Goal?

    <p>End poverty in all its forms everywhere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the Key issues in sustainable development?

    <p>A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the following is the MOST widely discussed impact of climate change:

    <p>Increase in average sea level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of climate change and global warming?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Sustainable Development Goals?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which countries are the Sustainable Development Goals designed to apply?

    <p>All countries, both rich and poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to the Oil & Gas Industry and Sustainable Development

    • Exam held on 27 April 2018, 09:00 AM - 11:00 AM, lasting 2 hours.
    • Answer questions on the OMR sheet using a 2B pencil, selecting one best answer.

    Oil Export Scenarios for Malaysia

    • Increasing oil production via enhanced oil recovery is a viable option for Malaysia’s net oil exporting potential.

    Field Life Cycle Stages

    • The proper sequence: Exploration → Appraisal → Development → Production.

    Wildcat Well Purpose

    • The primary goal of drilling a wildcat well is to prove hydrocarbon presence.

    Types of Rocks

    • Igneous rock can be formed both above ground and underground as magma cools at different rates.

    Rock Cycle Statements

    • Sedimentary rock forms from the compaction of sediments, while igneous rock is created by the melting of magma.

    Reservoir Rocks

    • Correct examples include dolostones, limestone, and sandstone, serving as storage for oil.

    Geophysical Surveys

    • Gravimetric surveys are essential in oil exploration; however, they are not used for deep seismic reflection.

    Rock Properties

    • Fundamental properties include porosity, saturation, and permeability; formation volume factor is not a property.

    Seal Rock Definition

    • Seal rock is impermeable and traps fluids above reservoir rock, crucial for petroleum systems.

    Seismic Technology Value Chain

    • Sequence in Feedforward method: Acquisition → Processing & Imaging → Interpretation → Reservoir Characterization.

    Darcy’s Equation

    • Flow rate is influenced by permeability, cross-sectional area, and pressure gradient.

    Gravimetric Survey Characteristics

    • Conducted with gravimeters and requires distinguishable geological structures due to density differences.

    Seismic Ground Geophysical Techniques

    • Techniques include Refraction, Reflection, and Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW).

    Fluid Mechanics

    • Wettability pertains to one fluid's ability to spread on a surface when other immiscible fluids are present.
    • The flow of fluids in porous media is determined by the pressure gradient.

    Oil Recovery Rates

    • Average worldwide oil recovery is approximately 30-40%, while secondary recovery methods like water injection enhance production.

    Drilling Operations

    • Initial steps involve rigging up and drilling the surface hole; the function of the drilling line includes the raising and lowering of drill string.

    Separation and Processing Equipment

    • Equipments like shale shakers and degassers are utilized for handling drilling fluids, removing entrained gases, and separating cuttings.

    Petroleum Refining

    • Involves distillation, cracking, and treating to separate valuable oil products from crude oil.

    Pricing Factors for Oil & Gas

    • Pricing is influenced by distance, economic status, and political conditions; however, feedstock selection is governed by economic aspects.

    Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

    • Comprises 17 goals agreed upon by nations for sustainability, focusing on poverty alleviation, environmental protection, and economic growth.

    Elements of Sustainability

    • Includes environment, society, economy, but excludes employment as a separate element.

    Key Issues in Sustainable Development

    • Major issues consist of poverty, energy security, education, food security, climate change, and water scarcity.

    Climate Change Impact

    • Predicted consequences of climate change include altered weather patterns, sea level rise, and intensified storms.

    Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy

    • Non-renewable energy is defined as resources that will eventually run out, while renewable sources are sustainable indefinitely.

    Economic Transformation Program (ETP) in Malaysia

    • Aimed to elevate Malaysia to a high-income economy by 2020, focusing on 12 National Key Economic Areas, excluding education.

    Individual Contributions to SDGs

    • Individuals can support SDG implementation by ensuring accountability, participating in initiatives, and promoting societal change.### Crude Oil and Naphtha
    • The main product derived from naphtha is Paraffins.

    Nuclear Power

    • Uranium is the primary element required to operate a nuclear plant.

    Oil and Gas Industry in Malaysia

    • Malaysia aims to enhance its oil and gas sector by attracting major international companies to establish their operations domestically.
    • Aker Solutions is a significant international oil and gas company currently operating in Malaysia.

    OPEC Oil Production

    • As of July 2017, OPEC's oil production accounts for approximately 44% of the world's total oil production.

    PETRONAS and Hydrocarbons

    • PETRONAS has established itself as a key player in the oil and gas industry, being recognized as:
      • A significant oil and gas supplier within Malaysia and the region.
      • One of the largest natural gas suppliers globally.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of the oil and gas industry, focusing on sustainable development practices. Students will review oil export scenarios for Malaysia, field life cycle stages, and other critical concepts in the sector. Prepare for a comprehensive assessment based on these key areas.

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