59 Questions
What is the global definition of dry eye according to TFOS DEWS II?
A multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film
What is the core mechanism of Dry Eye Disease (DED) according to the Pathophysiology Report?
Tear hyperosmolarity
What plays etiological roles in dry eye disease according to the TFOS DEWS II definition?
Tear film instability and hyperosmolarity
What is the key characteristic of dry eye disease according to TFOS DEWS II definition?
Loss of homeostasis of the tear film
What is the primary cause of damage to the ocular surface in Dry Eye Disease?
Tear hyperosmolarity
Which factor initiates inflammation and damages the ocular surface in Dry Eye Disease?
Tear hyperosmolarity
What is the primary purpose of preservatives in artificial tear formulations?
To inhibit or kill microorganism growth
Which preservative is associated with potential epithelial toxicity?
Thimerosal
What is the possible solution to adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with preservatives in artificial tear formulations?
Using preservative-free unit dose packages
What characterizes the 'Next Generation' artificial tear formulations?
They break down to nontoxic substances when exposed to light or ocular surface
What is the primary function of Vitamin A in artificial tear formulations?
To promote cellular differentiation and maintenance of mucosal epithelium
Which artificial tears are described as having a 'proprietary polymer HP-Guar'?
Systane COMPLETE
'Thera Tears (ATF)' are known for being:
Preservative free (unit dose)
'Eyesol®' is based on:
'Proprietary water free technology'
'Miebo' is known for its interaction with:
Tear film lipophilic part
'Miebo' is primarily aimed at addressing abnormalities in the:
'Lipid layer' and 'Meibomian glands'
What is the primary cause of tear hyperosmolarity in ADDE (Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye)?
Reduced lacrimal secretion
Which form of DED (Dry Eye Disease) is primarily caused by excessive evaporation from the exposed tear film?
EDE
What is the net result of punctate epitheliopathy and tear film instability in DED?
Tear film break-up
What is the ideal function of polymer in artificial tears?
Decrease blink friction
Which substance functions as a wetting agent for contact lenses?
Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
What do buffers in artificial tear formulations primarily resist?
Change in pH
What does tonicity measure in an artificial tear formulation?
Effective osmolarity
What do electrolytes in artificial tear formulations primarily maintain or lower?
Osmolarity
What is the primary function of preservatives in artificial tear formulations?
Prolong shelf life
What is the role of nutrients in artificial tear formulations?
Nourish ocular surface
What are polysaccharides used for in artificial tear formulations?
Increase viscosity and lubrication
What is the primary function of vinyl derivatives in artificial tear formulations?
Increase viscosity
What is the core mechanism of Dry Eye Disease?
Tear hyperosmolarity
According to TFOS DEWS II global dry eye definition, what plays etiological roles in the disease?
Tear film instability
What characterizes Dry Eye Disease according to the TFOS DEWS II definition?
Ocular surface inflammation and damage
What is the primary cause of damage to the ocular surface in Dry Eye Disease?
Tear hyperosmolarity
What does the core mechanism of DED (Dry Eye Disease) initiate?
Ocular surface inflammation
What is the key characteristic of Dry Eye Disease according to the TFOS DEWS II definition?
Tear hyperosmolarity
What is the role of neurosensory abnormalities in Dry Eye Disease according to TFOS DEWS II?
Initiate inflammation and damage to the ocular surface
Which factor initiates inflammation and damages the ocular surface in Dry Eye Disease?
Tear hyperosmolarity
What is the primary role of neurosensory abnormalities in Dry Eye Disease?
Contribute to ocular surface inflammation
What is the primary function of tear hyperosmolarity in Dry Eye Disease?
Initiate inflammation and damage to the ocular surface
According to TFOS DEWS II global dry eye definition, what contributes to etiological roles in Dry Eye Disease?
Tear hyperosmolarity
What is the main contributing factor to ocular symptoms in Dry Eye Disease?
Tear hyperosmolarity
What is the primary cause of tear hyperosmolarity in EDE (Evaporative Dry Eye)?
Excessive evaporation from the exposed tear film
What is the primary function of Vitamin A in artificial tear formulations?
Stabilizing tear film
What is the net result of punctate epitheliopathy and tear film instability in DED?
Tear film break-up
What does tonicity measure in an artificial tear formulation?
Effective osmolarity
What characterizes the 'Next Generation' artificial tear formulations?
Lack of preservatives
What is the primary cause of damage to the ocular surface in Dry Eye Disease?
Inflammatory mediators
'Miebo' is known for its interaction with:
Evaporative factors
'Thera Tears (ATF)' are known for being:
What is the main function of preservatives in artificial tear formulations?
To prevent or inhibit microorganism growth
What is the potential adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with thimerosal in artificial tear formulations?
Allergic reaction
What characterizes the 'Next Generation' artificial tear formulations?
They are preserved in bottles and break down to nontoxic substances when exposed to light or ocular surface
What is the primary role of nutrients in artificial tear formulations?
To aid in differentiation and maintenance of mucosal epithelium
Which artificial tear formulation is known for its interaction with the lipid layer and meibomian glands, forming a protective surfactant layer?
Miebo
What characterizes 'Systane COMPLETE' among the Systane lubricant family of artificial tears?
It contains stabilized oxychloro complex for preservative breakdown
What is the primary cause of tear hyperosmolarity in EDE (Evaporative Dry Eye)?
Excessive evaporation from the exposed tear film
What is the core role of the proprietary polymer HP-Guar in 'Systane COMPLETE' among the Systane lubricant family of artificial tears?
To chemically combine with borate to create a meshwork gel for active lubricant retention on the ocular surface
What do buffers primarily resist in artificial tear formulations?
Changes in tonicity and pH
What is the main function of vitamin A in artificial tear formulations?
To aid in differentiation and maintenance of mucosal epithelium
What are 'Artificial Tears Thera Tears (ATF)' known for among other characteristics?
They are preserved free (unit dose) and dissociate to H2O2 then to oxygen and water by tear catalase
Test your knowledge of ocular surface disease treatment options with this pharmacology II quiz. Explore the global dry eye definition and learn about the multifactorial nature of dry eye syndrome.
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