October Crisis and Berlin Wall Fall Events

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Questions and Answers

What event prompted the implementation of the War Measures Act in 1970?

The kidnapping of James Richard Cross and Pierre Laporte (correct)

The election of the Liberals

Civil unrest in Germany

The fall of the Berlin Wall

The fall of the Berlin Wall led to the immediate end of the Cold War.

False

Name the radical Islamic terrorist group responsible for the 9/11 attacks.

al-Qaeda

The Berlin Wall fell on November 9, ______.

1989 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their respective roles or events:

James Richard Cross = British trade commissioner kidnapped by the FLQ Pierre Laporte = Quebec Minister of Labor kidnapped and killed by the FLQ Mikhail Gorbachev = Soviet leader who promoted openness and reform Osama Bin Laden = Leader of al-Qaeda Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the fall of the Berlin Wall?

German reunification Signup and view all the answers

The FLQ was a group active in Germany during the 1970s.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate financial cost of the damage caused by 9/11 attacks?

$10 billion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a stated motive for the 9/11 attacks by Bin Laden?

American invasion of Afghanistan Signup and view all the answers

Canada's combat role in Afghanistan ended in 2014.

False Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the American response to 9/11?

War on Terror Signup and view all the answers

The United States and the Soviet Union came close to nuclear war during the ______ Missile Crisis.

Cuban Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary target of United Airlines Flight 93 before it crashed in Pennsylvania?

Washington, D.C. Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Cold War' was first used by Winston Churchill.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their descriptions:

Fall of the Berlin Wall = Led to free elections in Eastern Europe Cuban Missile Crisis = Brought the US and Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war Space Race = Technological advancements in spaceflight Dissolution of the Soviet Union = The Soviet Union broke apart into its component republics Signup and view all the answers

In what year did the Soviet Union dissolve?

1991 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

October Crisis (1970)

FLQ Violence: The Front de Liberation du Quebec (FLQ) intensified bombing campaigns in Quebec after the 1970 election, escalating violence.
Kidnappings: Four FLQ members kidnapped James Richard Cross, a British trade commissioner, demanding the release of political prisoners and a public reading of their manifesto. Five days later, they kidnapped the Quebec minister of labour, Pierre Laporte.
War Measures Act: The War Measures Act, enacted on October 16, suspended civil rights and liberties, allowing police broad powers of search and arrest.
Laporte's Death: The body of Pierre Laporte was found on October 17, 1970, after police received a tip.

Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)

Date: The wall fell on November 9, 1989, following an announcement by the East German government to open its borders.
Contributing Factors:
- Political pressure from Eastern Europe due to protests in Poland and the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
- East German citizen discontent with communist leadership.
- Soviet leader Gorbachev's policies of openness and reform (perestroika and glasnost).
Consequences:
- German reunification: Germany was reunited on October 3, 1990.
- End of the Cold War: officially declared at the Malta Summit in early December 1989.
- Shift in Soviet attitude: The Soviet Union recognised West Berlin's continued capitalist status.
- Propaganda victory for the West: The fall symbolized communism's weakness in controlling its population.

The War on Terror (2001)

Attacks: Four coordinated attacks occurred in New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania.
Responsibility: Radical Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda claimed responsibility, led by Osama bin Laden.
Casualties/Damage: Almost 3,000 people died, with $10 billion in damage to property and infrastructure.
Targets:
- American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 hit the World Trade Center towers.
- American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon.
- United Airlines Flight 93 crashed near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after passengers fought back.

Military Action in Afghanistan (Post-9/11)

American Response: Following 9/11, President George W. Bush initiated the War on Terror focusing on Afghanistan.
Taliban Connection: U.S. targeted the Taliban government of Afghanistan for harbouring al-Qaeda.
Canadian Involvement: Canada joined the international anti-terrorism mission in Afghanistan in 2001.
Extended role in 2006 focus shift to troop training 2011.
Complete withdrawal of Canadian troops- March 2014.

The Cold War (1947-1991)

Defining Feature: A period of tension between the US and Soviet Union (and their allies).
Defining figure: Initiated by George Orwell in 1945.
Key Events:
- Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): The US and USSR came close to nuclear war over missile sites in Cuba.
- Space Race: A competition in space technology due to nuclear arms competition.
- Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989): Symbol of the Soviet Union's decline.
- Dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991): The Soviet Union was broken up into independent states.
Canadian involvement: Canada played an active part, participating in the Korean War.

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Description

Explore the key events surrounding the October Crisis of 1970 in Quebec and the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. This quiz covers significant actions by the FLQ, the implications of the War Measures Act, and the factors that led to the end of the Cold War barrier in Germany. Test your knowledge on these pivotal historical moments.