Quebec History: FLQ and October Crisis

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Questions and Answers

What action did the FLQ take that directly resulted in injuries to civilians?

Bombing the Montreal stock exchange (correct)

Occupying public buildings

Setting off explosives in a busy market

Kidnapping government officials

What was the primary goal of separatism in Quebec during the 1960s?

To promote French language and culture (correct)

To expand Canada's borders

To establish an English-speaking government

To unify Canada under a single government

Which of the following best defines federalism?

Complete control by a central government

Power divided between central and local governments (correct)

The promotion of extreme nationalism

The belief in a strong military presence

Which term describes the policy of building strong armed forces to solve problems?

Militarism Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the conflict involving Austria-Hungary and Serbia?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Signup and view all the answers

What challenges did immigrants face when arriving in Canada between 1900 and 1914?

Language barriers and harsh living conditions Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant impact of residential schools on Indigenous children in Canada?

Forced adoption of Western practices Signup and view all the answers

Which group was NOT part of the Allied Powers in World War I?

Germany Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main reasons for introducing prohibition in Canada?

To reduce alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

How long did prohibition last in most Canadian provinces?

1918 to 1920 Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of prohibition on society?

It sparked the illegal alcohol trade Signup and view all the answers

What did the Famous Five aim to achieve?

Recognition of women as 'persons' under the law Signup and view all the answers

What major social change did the 1920s bring to women in Canada?

Increased legal rights and independence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a popular form of entertainment in Canada during the 1920s?

Silent films and talkies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the economic situation of the 1920s in Canada?

Economic boom leading to consumerism Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Canadian Prime Minister at the start of the 1920s?

Arthur Meighen Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main causes of the Great Depression Canada faced?

Stock Market Crash of 1929 Signup and view all the answers

What process did relief camp workers in 1935 undertake to demand better conditions?

On-to-Ottawa Trek Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of 'flapper' culture in the 1920s?

Shorter hair and modern fashion Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant effect of the stock market crash on Canadian banks?

Widespread bank failures Signup and view all the answers

Which political party in the 1920s aimed to advocate for workers' rights and social welfare?

Labour Party Signup and view all the answers

What did economic hardships in the Prairies during the Great Depression primarily result from?

Natural disasters Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant short-term cause of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of the long-term causes of World War I?

Neutrality Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the War Measures Act in Canada during World War I?

To allow censorship and control over resources Signup and view all the answers

What caused severe conditions for soldiers in trench warfare?

Presence of dangerous diseases and poor sanitation Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the major Canadian victory at Vimy Ridge in 1917?

Gain of significant national pride Signup and view all the answers

How did the home front contribute to the war effort in WWI?

Through victory bonds and rationing Signup and view all the answers

What was a common reason for the limited roles women had before World War I?

Cultural norms restricting job opportunities Signup and view all the answers

What significant event marked the end of World War I?

The signing of the armistice on November 11, 1918 Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Versailles compel Germany to do after World War I?

Take blame for the war and pay reparations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of the USA joining WWI in 1917?

It provided fresh troops and supplies to the Allies Signup and view all the answers

What feature characterized the atmosphere in no man's land during WWI?

Heavy artillery barrages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributed to women's greater rights after World War I?

Their contribution to wartime industries and nursing Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately resulted from the Conscription Crisis in Canada?

Major protests, especially in Quebec Signup and view all the answers

What was a key limitation of the League of Nations?

It lacked enforcement powers and major memberships Signup and view all the answers

What were U-boats primarily used for during World War I?

Sinking enemy ships Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

FLQ (Front de libération du Québec)

Formed in Quebec in the 1960s, a radical separatist group.
Engaged in bombings, including the Montreal Stock Exchange (injuring 27) and the mayor of Montreal.
By 1970, the FLQ had killed 6 people.

October Crisis

The government of Quebec faced a crisis involving kidnapping of citizens.

War Measures Act

Allowed the arrest of anyone suspected of being connected to the FLQ.

Sovereignty Association (Séparatisme)

Quebec separatist movement aiming to create an independent Quebec.

Federalism

A system of government where power is divided between a central government and regional governments (states).

Nationalism

Strong national pride and aspiration for self-determination.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. It often involved acquiring colonies.

Militarism

The belief in maintaining a strong military and using it to solve conflicts.

Triple Alliance/Triple Entente

A series of alliances that contributed to the start of World War I.

World War I (WW1)

Short-Term Cause: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Long-Term Causes: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.

Canadian Role in WWI

Experienced significant losses at Ypres, Somme, Vimy Ridge, and Passchendaele battles.

Trench Warfare

Conditions: Boredom, terror, random gunfire, lack of sleep, disease spread by rats, trench foot (caused by cold and wet).
No Man's Land: The dangerous space between opposing trenches filled with barbed wire and landmines.

Sea Warfare in WWI

German U-boats were used to sink Allied ships.
Dreadnoughts were larger and faster battleships.
Blockades were used to restrict access to ports.

Home Front Efforts

Victory Bonds: Funds raised through bonds.
Victory Stamps: Small stamps to support the war effort.
War Gardens: People grew their food, reducing reliance on imports.
Rationing: Limited goods like food and fuel.

Propaganda

Information used to influence public opinion and support war efforts.

Women's Role During WWI

Took on jobs in factories, offices, and as nurses.
Gained wider roles and eventually voting rights.

Conscription Crisis (Canada)

Mandatory military service led to significant protests, particularly in Quebec.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that formally ended WWI and imposed penalties on Germany.

USA's Role in WWI

Initially neutral, joined in 1917 after several events, including German attacks on US ships.

League of Nations

An international organization formed in 1920 aiming for world peace. It failed due to lack of power and major country participation.

Impact of WWI on Canada

Increased Canada's global status and sense of independence.

The Roaring Twenties (Canada)

Economic Boom: Growth, new inventions, and increased standards of living.
Social Changes: Women gained more rights and independence.
Cultural Explosion: Jazz music, new dances, and modern art.
Technological Advancements: Cars, radios, and movies.
Rebellion Against Tradition: Challenging old norms.
Prohibition: Failed attempt to reduce alcohol consumption due to illegal production and smuggling.
Famous Five: Canadian women who fought for equal recognition in law, culminating in the recognition of women as "persons".

1920s Canadian Political Parties

Progressive party: focused on farmer issues.
United Farmers of Ontario: focused on cooperative farming.
Labour party: focused on workers' rights.

The Great Depression

Causes: Stock market crash of 1929, overproduction, falling exports, drought.
Hardest-Hit Areas: Prairies (drought and wheat prices), industrial areas (unemployment).
R.B. Bennett: Prime Minister at the beginning of the Depression, and his leadership was criticized for its lack of effectiveness against the Depression.
Relief Camps: Provided low-paying jobs for unemployed men.
On-to-Ottawa Trek: Protest by relief camp workers demanding better conditions.

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Description

This quiz explores the radical separatist group FLQ formed in the 1960s in Quebec and the resulting October Crisis. Delve into key concepts such as sovereignty association and the impact of the War Measures Act on Canadian society during this tumultuous period. Assess your understanding of nationalism, federalism, and militarism in this historic context.