Quebec History: FLQ and October Crisis

A radical separatist group formed in Quebec in the 1960s that used violence to achieve their goal of an independent Quebec.

A period of heightened tension and crisis in Quebec in 1970, marked by violent actions from the FLQ, leading to the implementation of the War Measures Act.

A law passed in Canada in 1970, granting the government broad powers to restrict civil liberties and detain individuals suspected of involvement in subversive activities. It was enacted in response to the FLQ crisis.

The desire for a nation or a specific group of people to form their own independent state, often fueled by cultural and political aspirations.

A system of government where power is shared between a central, national government and regional or local governments like provinces or states.

Extreme patriotism and devotion to one's nation, often leading to an emphasis on national identity, culture, and interests.

A policy of expanding a country's power and influence through colonization, territorial expansion, and economic dominance over other countries.

The belief in the importance of a strong military and the use of military force to achieve national goals or defend a nation.

Challenges faced by immigrants in Canada during the early 20th century, including harsh weather, inadequate housing, language barriers, and unpreparedness for farming conditions.

Factors attracting immigrants to Canada in the early 20th century, including land availability, job opportunities, and the promise of a better life, especially for farmers seeking opportunities.

Schools established in Canada to assimilate Indigenous children into Western culture, where they were forcibly separated from their families and forced to abandon their language and traditions. This practice resulted in deep cultural losses and trauma for generations of Indigenous people.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist, which triggered a chain reaction of alliances that led to war.

The area between opposing trenches in World War I, a dangerous and deadly space filled with barbed wire, land mines, and constant shelling.

A type of warfare that involved soldiers spending hours in trenches, exposed to constant danger and fighting for every inch of ground.

German submarines that used torpedoes to sink enemy ships during World War I, posing a great threat to Allied shipping.

Large, fast battleships that were heavily armed with bigger guns than earlier ships, representing a major naval power shift in the early 20th century.

The blocking of access to ports or regions by ships or troops, preventing the passage of supplies or personnel.

The use of poisonous gas as a weapon in World War I, a terrifying and deadly tactic that caused significant casualties.

A painful foot condition caused by prolonged exposure to cold, damp conditions in trenches, often leading to limb amputations.

The act of raising funds for the war effort by citizens purchasing bonds which promise repayment with interest.

Small, inexpensive stamps sold to the public to support the war effort, encouraging everyone to contribute.

The practice of growing food at home to conserve supplies for soldiers, reducing the need for imports and helping stretch food resources.

The limitation of certain goods, like food and fuel, to ensure adequate supplies for the military and civilian population.

Information designed to influence public opinion or encourage specific actions, often used to promote a cause or demonize the enemy.

The Canadian government's policy of making military service mandatory, which led to protests and divisions within Canada.

The treaty signed on June 28, 1919, that formally ended World War I and imposed harsh conditions on Germany, contributing to future conflict.

Prohibition was a period in Canadian history where the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol were banned. This law aimed to address social problems like crime and domestic violence.

Prohibition in Canada lasted from 1918 to 1920 in most provinces. However, some provinces extended it for longer.

Prohibition in Canada was considered a failure. People were unwilling to stop drinking, so they turned to illegal activities like producing and smuggling alcohol. This led to increased crime and violence.

Enforcing Prohibition was very difficult because people still wanted alcohol, and the illegal alcohol trade (bootlegging) spread rapidly. This made it challenging for authorities to control.

The 1920s brought significant changes for women. They gained the right to vote in many countries and became more independent. The 'flapper' style, characterized by short hair, loose-fitting dresses, and a carefree attitude, symbolized this newfound freedom.

The Famous Five were a group of Canadian women who fought for women's rights. Their main goal was to have women recognized as 'persons' under the law, which would allow them to serve in the Senate.

The Famous Five took their case to the Supreme Court of Canada in 1927, but they lost. However, they didn't give up and appealed their case to the British Privy Council, the highest court in the British Empire. In 1929, the Privy Council ruled in their favor, a landmark victory for women's rights.

The 1920s witnessed a surge in gender equality as women gained legal rights, became more independent, and began to play a prominent role in public life.

The Roaring Twenties was a period of rapid change, excitement, and cultural shifts. After World War I, many people wanted to celebrate life and embrace new opportunities. The name reflects this era of progress and social upheaval.

The Roaring Twenties were marked by an economic boom, with several countries experiencing economic growth. This led to the development of new inventions, consumer goods, and a rise in living standards.

The Roaring Twenties saw significant social changes, including women gaining more rights and independence. This was symbolized by the 'flapper' culture, representing a shift towards more modern and liberated lifestyles for women.

The Roaring Twenties was a period of cultural explosion, with jazz music, new dances, and modern art thriving. This created a vibrant and exciting cultural scene, reflecting the spirit of the times.

The Roaring Twenties saw the emergence of new technologies that transformed daily life and entertainment. Cars, radios, and movies became popular, changing how people lived and enjoyed themselves.

Many people in the Roaring Twenties challenged old norms and embraced a freer, more modern lifestyle. This rebellion against tradition reflected a desire for change and a rejection of outdated ideas and practices.

Arthur Meighen served as Prime Minister of Canada from 1920 to 1921. He was the leader of the Conservative Party.

William Lyon Mackenzie King was Prime Minister of Canada from 1926 to 1930, leading the Liberal Party. He later became one of the longest-serving prime ministers in Canadian history.