Podcast
Questions and Answers
The ______ Safety and Health Act (OSHA) aims to ensure workplace safety.
The ______ Safety and Health Act (OSHA) aims to ensure workplace safety.
Occupational
Creating a safe work environment is a key ______ of the OSHA.
Creating a safe work environment is a key ______ of the OSHA.
provision
The ______ Organization (ILO) aims to promote labor rights and enhance working conditions worldwide.
The ______ Organization (ILO) aims to promote labor rights and enhance working conditions worldwide.
International Labour
Employers have an obligation to ensure compliance with ______ requirements.
Employers have an obligation to ensure compliance with ______ requirements.
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Increased awareness of safety and health issues has been triggered by several ______ at the workplace.
Increased awareness of safety and health issues has been triggered by several ______ at the workplace.
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It is the best way of proactively identifying ______ before they have the ability to cause an injury.
It is the best way of proactively identifying ______ before they have the ability to cause an injury.
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Chemical hazards can be ______ through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion.
Chemical hazards can be ______ through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion.
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Employers are pressured by ______ unions to be more conscious of safety and health.
Employers are pressured by ______ unions to be more conscious of safety and health.
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The National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) was established on December 1, _____
The National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) was established on December 1, _____
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Citations and penalties describe violations of the Occupational Safety and Health and ______ listed.
Citations and penalties describe violations of the Occupational Safety and Health and ______ listed.
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On-site consultations involve consultative assistance on an employer's occupational safety and health program and on specific workplace ______ through a visit to an employer's worksite.
On-site consultations involve consultative assistance on an employer's occupational safety and health program and on specific workplace ______ through a visit to an employer's worksite.
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A proper OSH management system includes organizing, planning, and ______ for improvement.
A proper OSH management system includes organizing, planning, and ______ for improvement.
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NIOSH acts as a critical _____ in the promotion of occupational safety and health.
NIOSH acts as a critical _____ in the promotion of occupational safety and health.
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NIOSH aims to create a 'self-regulating' occupational safety and _____ culture.
NIOSH aims to create a 'self-regulating' occupational safety and _____ culture.
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Voluntary protection programs encourage private industry and federal agencies to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses through ______ prevention and control.
Voluntary protection programs encourage private industry and federal agencies to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses through ______ prevention and control.
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OSHA provides the legislative framework to secure the safety, health and welfare among all Malaysian workforce and to protect others against risks to safety or ______ in connection with the activities of persons at work.
OSHA provides the legislative framework to secure the safety, health and welfare among all Malaysian workforce and to protect others against risks to safety or ______ in connection with the activities of persons at work.
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NIOSH provides various services including training, consultation, and _____ dissemination.
NIOSH provides various services including training, consultation, and _____ dissemination.
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The cooperative programs involve businesses, labor groups, and _____ organizations working with NIOSH.
The cooperative programs involve businesses, labor groups, and _____ organizations working with NIOSH.
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The occupier/employer must appoint a Safety & Health ______
The occupier/employer must appoint a Safety & Health ______
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Employers must establish a Safety & Health ______ if there are 40 or more persons employed.
Employers must establish a Safety & Health ______ if there are 40 or more persons employed.
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A violation of the Safety & Health Committee requirements may result in a fine not exceeding ______.
A violation of the Safety & Health Committee requirements may result in a fine not exceeding ______.
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The Employees' Social Security Act 1969 provides for social security for employment injury ______.
The Employees' Social Security Act 1969 provides for social security for employment injury ______.
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Employees have the right to claim benefits such as ______ benefit under the Employees' Social Security Act.
Employees have the right to claim benefits such as ______ benefit under the Employees' Social Security Act.
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The organization responsible for administering the Employees’ Social Security Act is known as ______.
The organization responsible for administering the Employees’ Social Security Act is known as ______.
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A violation of appointing a Safety & Health Officer may lead to a penalty of RM ______ or imprisonment.
A violation of appointing a Safety & Health Officer may lead to a penalty of RM ______ or imprisonment.
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To be compliant with OSHA 1994, every employer must review measures taken by the Safety & Health ______.
To be compliant with OSHA 1994, every employer must review measures taken by the Safety & Health ______.
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The Employment Injury Scheme under SOCSO provides protection to employees against occupational injuries including occupational diseases and ______ accidents.
The Employment Injury Scheme under SOCSO provides protection to employees against occupational injuries including occupational diseases and ______ accidents.
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The Social Security Organization (SOCSO) was established in ______ under the Human Resources Ministry.
The Social Security Organization (SOCSO) was established in ______ under the Human Resources Ministry.
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SOCSO’s function includes the registration of employer and employee, collecting contribution, and processing ______ claims.
SOCSO’s function includes the registration of employer and employee, collecting contribution, and processing ______ claims.
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SOCSO provides ______ and physical rehabilitation benefits to injured workers.
SOCSO provides ______ and physical rehabilitation benefits to injured workers.
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The concept of “Vision Zero” was introduced by the International Social Security Association (ISSA) to reduce workplace ______ and occupational diseases.
The concept of “Vision Zero” was introduced by the International Social Security Association (ISSA) to reduce workplace ______ and occupational diseases.
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Vision Zero integrates three dimensions: safety, health, and ______.
Vision Zero integrates three dimensions: safety, health, and ______.
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Workplace inspections are a planned event in which the workplace is inspected to identify potential ______.
Workplace inspections are a planned event in which the workplace is inspected to identify potential ______.
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One of the “Seven Golden Rules” is to ensure safety and health when using ______ and equipment at the workplace.
One of the “Seven Golden Rules” is to ensure safety and health when using ______ and equipment at the workplace.
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Industrial hygiene standards typically take into account the concentration of the ______ present when assessing worker risk.
Industrial hygiene standards typically take into account the concentration of the ______ present when assessing worker risk.
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Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other living ______.
Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other living ______.
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Physical hazards include excessive exposure to physical stimulants such as noise, illumination, temperature, and ______.
Physical hazards include excessive exposure to physical stimulants such as noise, illumination, temperature, and ______.
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Tasks that involve motion or movement that puts undue strain on the body are related to ______ or Repetitive Strain Injuries.
Tasks that involve motion or movement that puts undue strain on the body are related to ______ or Repetitive Strain Injuries.
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Psychological hazards can include anxiety, workplace bullying, occupational stress, or excessive ______.
Psychological hazards can include anxiety, workplace bullying, occupational stress, or excessive ______.
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Effects of health hazards can include respiratory issues, eye damage, and ______.
Effects of health hazards can include respiratory issues, eye damage, and ______.
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Safety hazards such as slips, trips, and falls can lead to significant ______ in the workplace.
Safety hazards such as slips, trips, and falls can lead to significant ______ in the workplace.
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Creating a safe work environment involves investigating accidents and enforcing ______ rules.
Creating a safe work environment involves investigating accidents and enforcing ______ rules.
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A statement of the organization’s commitment to providing a safe and healthy workplace is a part of ______ policies.
A statement of the organization’s commitment to providing a safe and healthy workplace is a part of ______ policies.
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Employees are trained on the importance of safety and techniques to control the usage and handling of ______ materials.
Employees are trained on the importance of safety and techniques to control the usage and handling of ______ materials.
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Safety awareness programs aim to communicate to employees to work ______.
Safety awareness programs aim to communicate to employees to work ______.
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Public programs like those from NIOSH focus on accident prevention and ______ training.
Public programs like those from NIOSH focus on accident prevention and ______ training.
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Compliance with regulations is part of maintaining ______ safety in the workplace.
Compliance with regulations is part of maintaining ______ safety in the workplace.
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Safety campaigns often include incentives and ______ to encourage safe behavior among employees.
Safety campaigns often include incentives and ______ to encourage safe behavior among employees.
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Study Notes
Occupational Safety and Health
- Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
- Covers general provisions, safe work environments, and work practices, programmes, and activities.
Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health
- Awareness of occupational safety and health at workplaces is crucial
- Impacts on productivity, quality, and organizational effectiveness
- Cooperation with various organizations (e.g., SOCSO, DOSH, NIOSH, ILO) is needed
- Employers are responsible for occupational safety and health, including compliance with regulations
- Employers should demonstrate strong leadership and commitment
- Appropriate arrangements for an OSH management system containing policy, organization, planning, implementation, evaluation, and action for improvement are needed.
Importance of Safety and Health
- Increased knowledge and experience on issues pertaining to workers' protection and impacts on productivity and organizational effectiveness.
- Increased public awareness on safety and health issues due to incidents at workplaces.
- Changes in government policies.
- Reduce the number of employee claims.
- Organizations/employers should have a deeper sense of social responsibility.
- Pressure from labor unions and NGOs to increase awareness of safety and health.
Health Hazards
- Chemicals: risks to humans from inhalation, skin contact, absorption, or ingestion (corrosive injuries)
- Biological: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other living organisms
- Physical: excessive exposure to noise, illumination, temperature, and vibration.
- Ergonomics: repetitive strain injuries due to certain motions or movements placing risks to the body.
- Psychological: anxiety, workplace bullying, occupational stress, and excessive fatigue.
Effects of Health Hazards
- Skin irritation or corrosion
- Respiratory issues
- Aspiration hazards
- Eye damage or irritation
- Carcinogenicity (cancer-causing substances)
- Reproductive toxicity
- Specific target organ toxicity.
Safety Hazards
- Slips, trips, and falls
- Being caught in or struck by moving machinery.
- Fire and explosions
- Transportation and vehicle-related accidents
- Confined spaces
- Violence
Causes of Industrial Accidents
- Struck by object/falling objects
- Falls
- Exposure to extreme heat, electricity, dangerous substances, including radiation
- Slips
- Others
More Causes of Industrial Accidents
- Failure to use safety equipment
- Work fatigue
- Individual characteristics
Creating a Safe Work Environment
- Investigating and recording accidents
- Enforcing safety rules
- Safety policies
- Safety awareness programs
Safety Policies
- Statement of organizational commitment to providing a safe and healthy workplace
- Explanation of responsibility for safety within the organization
- Description of procedures and structures to implement safe work practices
Example of Safety Policy - Hitachi Cable Johor
- Training employees on safety and techniques
- Upgrading safety features of machines and equipment
- Controlling the use and handling of hazardous materials
- Developing safe working procedures
- Implementing systems to prevent accidents, incidents, occupational hazards, and industrial diseases
Safety Awareness Programs
- Total commitment from all levels of employees
- Communicating safety to employees, starting from the orientation process and emphasizing it continuously
- Adequate budget, leading safety meetings, and other activities
- In-house training by safety managers or consultants
Safety Awareness Programs, cont.
- Public programs – NIOSH, Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers
- Accident investigation and reporting workshop
- Emergency response plan preparedness
- Hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control
- Safety and health committee
- Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA)
- Compliance to Regulations under OSHA 1994
- Compliance to Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and Regulations
Enforcement of Safety Rules
- Safety campaigns to increase awareness
- Forums and discussions
- Incentives and rewards
- Personal equipment (helmets, hard hats, ear muffs, safety boots, gloves, face masks)
- Disciplinary systems
- Addressing infringements of rules
Investigating and Recording Accidents
- Keeping and analyzing records
- Investigated minor and major cases
- Examining contributing factors
- Identifying corrective actions
- Rearranging workstations
- Installing safety guards
- Providing additional safety training
Creating a Healthy Work Environment
- Common health hazards at work:
- Use of organic chemicals and toxic substances
- Fumes, dust, and smoke
- Radiation
- Infection
- Noise and vibration
- Extreme temperature
- Ergonomics
- Wellness and weight issues
- Job stress and burnout
- Depression
- Alcoholism
- Drug abuse
Implications of Health Hazards
- Miscarriages
- Suppression of the immune system
- Cancer
- Eye-strain
- Physical discomfort
- High level of stress
Handling Health Hazards
- Building better health
- Healthy employees, reduced absenteeism, and increased efficiency
- Pre-employment tests for job fit
- Promoting workplace fitness and health
- Regular exercise, weight control, and proper nutrition
- Employee assistance program
- In-house counselors or outside professional assistance
Department of Occupation Al Safety and Health (DOSH)
- Enforcement of OSHA
- Compliance with Act, guidelines, and codes of practice
- Formulating and reviewing legislation, policies, guidelines, and codes of practice of OSHA
- Promotional activities towards safe & health work culture
- Carrying out the research on OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
- The Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee) Regulation 1996
- Organizations employing more than five employees are required to draft, disseminate, and revise a safety policy.
- Hazardous industries (construction, gas and petroleum, chemical, woodworking, cement manufacturing)
Aims of Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
- Securing OSH of person against risk
- Protecting against risk
- Promoting occupational environments to meet employees' physiological and psychological needs
Organization Responsibility under OSHA 1994
- Setting up Work Safety Committee for employers with more than 40 employees
- Establishing work safety rules
- Ensuring that workers are adequately trained and follow safety instructions
- Designing work and non-work areas
Organization Responsibility under OSHA 1994, cont.
- Strict compliance with legislation regarding manning safety
- Adequate insurance coverage for workers through government or private agencies
- Removing and storing hazardous products from the workplace
- Maintaining a register of accidents and monitoring situations
Duties of Employer (Part IV of OSHA 1994)
- To the employee & others
- Ensuring safety, health, and welfare at work
- Ensuring necessary plant is up to standard
- Minimizing operations that present danger
- Providing training and information
- Contravene/infringement - fine not exceeding RM50,000 or 2 years imprisonment or both
Written Safety & Health Policy (Section 16, Part IV OSHA 1994)
- All employers with more than 5 employees are required to formulate a written Safety & Health Policy.
- General policy statement for the organization
- Arrangements to be made known to employees regarding safety aspects
Duties of Employees (Part VI of OSHA 1994)
- Taking responsible care
- Cooperating with employer regarding any person's duty
- Wearing/using protective equipment
- Complying with instructions & guidelines
- Contravene – fine not exceeding RM1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 months or both.
- Intentional/reckless/negligent contravention – fine RM20,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or both.
Duties of a Health and Safety Officer (Section 31)
- Occupier/employer to appoint a Safety & Health Officer
- Advise the employer
- Inspect the place of work
- Assist the employer in organizing and implementing OSH programs
- Contravene - RM 5,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both.
Safety & Health Committee (Section 30)
- Every employer with 40 or more employees or directed by Director General must establish a Safety & Health Committee.
- Contravene - fine not exceeding RM5,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or both.
- Committee functions (review measures, investigating, and resolving problems).
Work Practices, Programmes, and Activities
NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health) Malaysia
- Established on December 1, 1992
- Activities (critical catalyst, "backbone" to create a self-regulating occupational safety and health culture, training, consultation, research, and development, dissemination, and examination).
Vision Zero
- Concept introduced by the ISSA to reduce workplace accidents and diseases
- Emphasizes safety, health, and well-being, integrated dimensions.
- Seven Golden Rules: leadership commitment, hazard identification, defining targets, organizational organization, safety health, improving skills and motivation.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential principles of Occupational Safety and Health, including the OSHA Act and the importance of safe work environments. It emphasizes employer responsibilities, the impact on productivity, and the necessity of compliance with safety regulations. Test your knowledge on effective OSH management systems and their significance in the workplace.
