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What is the primary responsibility of employers regarding occupational safety and health?
What is the primary responsibility of employers regarding occupational safety and health?
Employers are responsible for ensuring compliance with occupational safety and health requirements as per national laws and regulations.
How does increased awareness of safety and health issues impact the general public?
How does increased awareness of safety and health issues impact the general public?
Increased awareness of safety and health issues among the public leads to greater vigilance and understanding regarding workplace safety.
What main elements should an OSH management system contain?
What main elements should an OSH management system contain?
An OSH management system should include policy, organizing, planning, implementation, evaluation, and action for improvement.
List one significant reason for the importance of ensuring safety and health at workplaces.
List one significant reason for the importance of ensuring safety and health at workplaces.
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What hazards are associated with chemicals in the workplace?
What hazards are associated with chemicals in the workplace?
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What role do labor unions and NGOs play in occupational safety and health?
What role do labor unions and NGOs play in occupational safety and health?
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Identify one impact of government policies on occupational safety and health.
Identify one impact of government policies on occupational safety and health.
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Why is strong leadership essential in OSH activities within an organization?
Why is strong leadership essential in OSH activities within an organization?
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What is the primary purpose of the Employment Injury Scheme under SOCSO?
What is the primary purpose of the Employment Injury Scheme under SOCSO?
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What year was the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) established?
What year was the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) established?
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List two main functions of SOCSO.
List two main functions of SOCSO.
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What does the concept of 'Vision Zero' aim to achieve?
What does the concept of 'Vision Zero' aim to achieve?
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Identify one of the 'Seven Golden Rules' of the Vision Zero Campaign.
Identify one of the 'Seven Golden Rules' of the Vision Zero Campaign.
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What is the primary duty of a Safety and Health Officer according to Section 31?
What is the primary duty of a Safety and Health Officer according to Section 31?
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What are the penalties for contravening the duties of a Safety and Health Officer?
What are the penalties for contravening the duties of a Safety and Health Officer?
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What role do workplace inspections play in ensuring safety?
What role do workplace inspections play in ensuring safety?
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What requirement does Section 30 of OSHA 1994 impose on employers?
What requirement does Section 30 of OSHA 1994 impose on employers?
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What type of support does SOCSO provide to injured workers?
What type of support does SOCSO provide to injured workers?
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List two functions of the Safety and Health Committee as outlined in Section 30.
List two functions of the Safety and Health Committee as outlined in Section 30.
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Explain the importance of hazard identification in workplace safety.
Explain the importance of hazard identification in workplace safety.
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What does the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969 provide for employees?
What does the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969 provide for employees?
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Name three benefits that employees can claim under the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969.
Name three benefits that employees can claim under the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969.
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What organization administers the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969?
What organization administers the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969?
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What is the penalty for failing to establish a Safety and Health Committee as required by OSHA?
What is the penalty for failing to establish a Safety and Health Committee as required by OSHA?
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What is the primary purpose of proactively identifying hazards in the workplace?
What is the primary purpose of proactively identifying hazards in the workplace?
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What do citations and penalties typically address in occupational safety?
What do citations and penalties typically address in occupational safety?
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What is the aim of on-site consultations provided by OSHA?
What is the aim of on-site consultations provided by OSHA?
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How do voluntary protection programs contribute to workplace safety?
How do voluntary protection programs contribute to workplace safety?
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Why is training and education important according to OSHA's framework?
Why is training and education important according to OSHA's framework?
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What date was the National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) established in Malaysia?
What date was the National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) established in Malaysia?
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What are two main activities conducted by NIOSH to enhance occupational safety and health?
What are two main activities conducted by NIOSH to enhance occupational safety and health?
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How does NIOSH serve as a 'critical catalyst' in occupational safety and health?
How does NIOSH serve as a 'critical catalyst' in occupational safety and health?
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What purpose does information dissemination through workshops and conferences serve in NIOSH’s activities?
What purpose does information dissemination through workshops and conferences serve in NIOSH’s activities?
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What role do research and development play in the context of NIOSH according to the document?
What role do research and development play in the context of NIOSH according to the document?
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What factors are considered when assessing worker risk in industrial hygiene?
What factors are considered when assessing worker risk in industrial hygiene?
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List three potential effects of health hazards in the workplace.
List three potential effects of health hazards in the workplace.
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What are some examples of safety hazards that can lead to industrial accidents?
What are some examples of safety hazards that can lead to industrial accidents?
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What is a key component of a safety policy in an organization?
What is a key component of a safety policy in an organization?
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How can organizations ensure continuous communication of safety practices to employees?
How can organizations ensure continuous communication of safety practices to employees?
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What are the responsibilities of safety managers in workplace safety training?
What are the responsibilities of safety managers in workplace safety training?
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Name one psychological hazard that can affect workers' health.
Name one psychological hazard that can affect workers' health.
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What is one aim of a safety awareness program?
What is one aim of a safety awareness program?
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Why is it essential to investigate and record accidents in the workplace?
Why is it essential to investigate and record accidents in the workplace?
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What document should outline who is responsible for safety in an organization?
What document should outline who is responsible for safety in an organization?
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Explain the role of rewards in a safety program.
Explain the role of rewards in a safety program.
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What does OSHA stand for?
What does OSHA stand for?
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What might be included in an emergency response plan?
What might be included in an emergency response plan?
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What should be done to comply with government regulations regarding safety?
What should be done to comply with government regulations regarding safety?
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Identify a key training focus of safety awareness programs.
Identify a key training focus of safety awareness programs.
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Study Notes
Occupational Safety and Health
- Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) general provisions are covered.
- Creating a safe work environment is a key objective.
- Building better workforce health is a priority.
- Work practices, programmes, and activities are crucial.
Introduction to Occupational Safety & Health
- Workplace awareness of occupational safety & health is essential.
- Productivity and quality of an organization are impacted.
- Cooperation with relevant bodies (SOCSO, DOSH, NIOSH etc., ILO) is important.
- Employers have the responsibility and duty for occupational safety & health.
- A strong leadership and commitment to OSH activities are essential from the employer's perspective.
- Employers should create an OSH management system.
- Policies, organizing, planning, implementation, evaluation, and action for improvement are all key aspects of an OSH management system.
Importance of Safety and Health
- Increased knowledge and experience on worker protection positively impact productivity and organizational effectiveness.
- Public awareness of safety and health issues has risen due to incidents in the workplace.
- Government policies have played a proactive role through legislation.
- Reducing employee claims is a goal for better efficiency and social responsibility of organizations/employers.
- Labor unions and NGOs encourage employers' awareness of safety and health matters.
Health Hazards
- Chemicals pose risks when inhaled, contacted, absorbed or ingested.
- Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other living organisms.
- Physical hazards include noise, illumination, temperature, and vibration.
- Ergonomics or repetitive strain injuries are also a type of health hazard.
- Psychological hazards in the workplace include stress, bullying, anxiety, and excessive fatigue.
Effects of Health Hazards
- Skin irritation or corrosion are potential effects.
- Respiratory issues can be a consequence.
- Aspiration hazards are also potential issues.
- Eye damage or irritation due to occupational health hazards are possible.
- Carcinogenicity (cancer-causing substances) and reproductive toxicity are potential effects from chemical exposure hazards.
- Specific target organ toxicity from occupational health hazards is also a concern.
Safety Hazards
- Slips, trips, and falls are common workplace safety issues.
- Being struck by moving machinery or objects
- Fire and explosions are significant safety hazards.
- Transportation and vehicle-related accidents
- Confined spaces are also a risk factor.
- Violence is a safety hazard in the workplace.
Occupational Accident Statistics (2021)
- Data is provided on accident figures by sector, state and details about accidents/injuries.
- Statistics are provided by the source of the data, the International Policy and Research Development Division.
Causes of Industrial Accidents
- Falls and being struck by objects are frequent causes of accidents.
- Exposure to extreme heat, electricity and dangerous substances (e.g., radiation).
- Slips are also a cause of industrial accidents
- Other causes of industrial accidents exist
Causes of Industrial Accidents – Further Details
- Failure to use safety equipment is a common element
- Excessive fatigue or tiredness at work
- Age, supervision quality, vision, perceptual skill, workplace stress, or working nights are also contributing factors
Creating a Safe Work Environment
- The process of investigating and recording incidents.
- Enforcing safety rules effectively.
- Implementing safety awareness programmes
Safety Policies
- A statement describing the commitment to provide a safe and healthy workplace.
- Identifying those responsible for safety in the organization.
- Procedures and structures for implementing safe work practices should be described.
Example of Safety Policy - Hitachi Cable Johor
- Training employees on safety and techniques.
- Continuously upgrading safety features of machinery.
- Controlling the usage and handling of hazardous materials.
- Developing and practicing safe working procedures.
- Implementing systems to prevent accidents, incidents, and occupational hazards
- Compliance with government acts and regulations.
Safety Awareness Programmes
- Total commitment from all levels of employees to work safely.
- Communicating safety messages from the initial orientation to continually reinforced.
- Adequate budget, lead safety meetings, and activities for supporting safety awareness programmes.
- In-house safety training.
- Public programmes like NIOSH, Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers for support.
- Addressing accident investigation, plan preparedness, risk control and safety & health for supervisors.
- OSHA 1994 regulations and compliance.
- Compliance to Factory and Machinery Act are required too.
Enforcement of Safety Rules
- Safety campaigns to raise awareness.
- Forums and discussions
- Incentives and rewards for employees who meet safety targets.
- Providing personal protective equipment (PPE).
- Disciplinary systems for rule violations.
Investigating and Recording Accidents
- Keeping and analysing records.
- Investigating accidents (minor and major)
- Identifying corrective actions, rearranging workstations, providing additional training.
- Complying with Occupational Safety & Health Act, SOCSO, and Workman’s Compensation Act
Creating a Healthy Work Environment
- Common health hazards—Use of chemicals, smoke, fumes, radiation, infection, extreme temperatures, noise, vibration, ergonomics, wellness issues, job stress and burnout, depression, alcoholism, and drug abuse are examples.
Implications of Health Hazards
- Miscarriages, suppressed immune systems, cancer, eye strain, physical discomfort, and high stress levels are possible results of chemical, toxic, noise, and extreme temperature risks.
How to Handle Health Hazards
- Improve workforce health, reduce absenteeism, and boost morale.
- Pre-employment assessments/tests to ensure a good fit for the job.
- Promote workplace fitness and health.
- Provide nutrition information and training to employees.
- Implement employee assistance programs, including in-house or outside counselors when needed.
Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH)
- Enforcing OSHA regulations.
- Complying with acts, guidelines, and codes of practices.
- Developing and reviewing legislation, policies, and guidelines.
- Promoting a safe and healthy work culture.
- Research on OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
- Establishment of Safety and Health Committees.
- Policies for employers with more than five employees.
- Hazardous industries and important sectors (e.g., construction, gas and petroleum, chemical, woodworking, and cement manufacturing).
Aims of Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
- Ensuring the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) of employees.
- Protecting employees from risks.
- Promoting a workplace environment that meets employees' physiological and psychological needs
Organization Responsibility Under OSHA 1994
- Setting up Work Safety Committees and rules.
- Ensuring that workers are adequately trained and follow safety instructions.
- Designing areas for work and non-work activities.
- Ensuring compliance requirements for manning safety, noise and other hazards.
- Adequate insurance cover for workers through appropriate agencies to provide support.
- Removing and storing dangerous products.
- Maintaining an accident register and monitoring safety situations
Duties of Employer Under OSHA 1994
- Providing a safe and healthy workplace to the workforce and others involved.
- Ensuring the safety, health, and welfare of employees.
- Ensuring necessary plant is up to standard.
- Minimizing operations that pose danger to safety of employees.
- Provide training and information.
Written Safety & Health Policy Section 16 Part IV OSHA 1994
- All employers with more than five employees must have a written Safety & Health Policy.
- It must include a General policy statement and Organizational arrangements.
- Policy content should be known to workers through, for instance, induction courses and strategic placement of information.
Duties of Employees Under OSHA 1994
- Responsible care for themselves and others.
- Cooperation with employers.
- Wearing and using necessary protective equipment.
- Complying with all instructions.
Duties of a Safety and Health Officer (Section 31)
- Employer appoints a Safety & Health Officer.
- Safety & Health Officer advises the employer
- Safety & Health Officer needs to inspect the workplace.
- Assist the employer to organize & implement OSH programs.
Safety & Health Committee (Section 30)
- OSHA requires employers to establish safety and health committees where there are 40 or more employees.
- Committee functions include reviewing measures, investigating and resolving problems.
Accident Statistics Data Analysis
- Accident number trends are presented for a period of study (2010-2014) regarding different segments : Accidents, industrial accidents, and commuting accidents.
- Data is provided showing trends on worker accidents.
Work Practices, Programmes, and Activities: NIOSH
- The National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) is a Malaysian organisation.
- NIOSH was established in 1992
- NIOSH is seen as a critical catalyst and backbone for promoting a self-regulating occupational health culture.
- Training, consultation, research and development, dissemination of information (workshops and conferences) and examinations are part of NIOSH's activities.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts of occupational safety and health (OSH) management systems. This quiz covers the roles of employers, labor unions, and government policies in ensuring workplace safety. Explore the significance of OSH awareness and the responsibilities outlined by SOCSO.
