Occupational Safety and Health PDF

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1  General provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Creating a safe work environment CHAPTER Building better health among workforces OBJECTIVES Work practices,...

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1  General provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Creating a safe work environment CHAPTER Building better health among workforces OBJECTIVES Work practices, programmes and activities 2   Awareness on the occupational safety & health at the workplace  Significant impact in productivity, quality of the organization  Cooperation with SOCSO, DOSH, NIOSH etc  International Labour Organization (ILO)  Occupational safety and health, including compliance with the OSH requirements pursuant to national laws and regulations, is INTRODUCTION the responsibility and duty of the employer.  The employer should show strong leadership and commitment to OSH activities in the organization, and make appropriate arrangements for the establishment of an OSH management system. The system should contain the main elements of policy, organizing, planning and implementation, evaluation and action for improvement. 3  1. Increased knowledge and experience on issues pertaining to workers protection and its impact on productivity and organizational effectiveness 2. Increased awareness by general public on S&H issues due to several incident at work place THE 3. Due to changes in government policies that taking proactive IMPORTANCE involvements through legislation OF SAFETY 4. To reduce the number of claims filed by employees AND HEALTH 5. Organization/employers have a deeper sense of social responsibility 6. Pressures from labor unions and NGO calling on employers to be more conscious on S&H 4   Chemical (present a risk to humans when they are inhaled, come in contact with the skin (corrosive injury), are absorbed through the skin, or are ingested. These hazards are found in the form of solids, liquids, gasses, mists, dusts, fumes, and vapors. Industrial hygiene standards typically take into account the concentration of the chemical present when assessing worker risk)  Biological (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other living HEALTH organisms) HAZARDS  Physical (include excessive exposure to physical stimulants, such as noise, illumination, temperature, vibration)  Ergonomics or Repetitive Strain Injuries (tasks involve motion or movement that puts undue strain on the body or places the body at risk of physical harm due to the motions involved in specific tasks)  Psychological (anxiety, workplace bullying, occupational stress, or excessive fatigue.) 5   Skin irritation or corrosion  Respiratory issues  Aspiration hazards EFFECTS OF  Eye damage or irritation HEALTH  Carcinogenicity (substance that can cause HAZARDS cancer)  Reproductive toxicity  Specific target organ toxicity 6   Slips, trips and falls  Being caught in or struck by moving machinery or other objects SAFETY  Fire and explosions HAZARDS  Transportation and vehicle‐related accidents  Confined spaces  Violence 7 8 9 CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 11 CAUSES OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 12  Investigating Safety and recording policies CREATING A accidents SAFE WORK Safety ENVIRONMEN Enforcing safety rules awareness programs T 13   A statement of the organization’s commitment to providing a safe and healthy workplace  An explanation of who is responsible for safety SAFETY in the organization POLICIES  A description of any procedures or structures which exist to implement safe work practices 14   To train all employees on the importance of safety and techniques  To continuously upgrade safety feature of our machine and EXAMPLE OF equipment SAFETY  To control the usage and handling of hazardous materials POLICY –  To develop and practice safe working procedures HITACHI  To implement systems to prevent accidents, incidents, occupational hazards, occupational and industrial diseases at work CABLE JOHOR  To comply with all relevant government acts and regulations 15   Total commitment from all level of employees SAFETY  Communicate to employees to work safely; beginning from the orientation process, and AWARENESS emphasized continually PROGRAMME  Adequate budget, lead safety meetings and S activities 16  ▪ In-house training by safety managers or consultant who specialized in safety management; first aid, accident prevention training, hazardous material ▪ Public programs – NIOSH, Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers SAFETY  Accident Investigation and Reporting Workshop AWARENESS   Emergency Respond Plan Preparedness Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control PROGRAMME  Safety and Health Committee  S  Occupational Safety and Health for Supervisor Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA)  Compliance to Regulations Under OSHA 1994  Compliance to Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and Regulations 17   Safety campaign to increase awareness  Forums and discussion  Incentive and rewards  Rewards are given to employees for achieving zero accident target ENFORCMENTENT  Cash, gifts, as a motivator in shaping employee behavior OF SAFETY RULES  Personal equipment  Helmets, hard hats, ear muffs, safety boots, gloves, facemasks  Disciplinary systems  Infringements of rules, identified and acted 18   Keeping and analysing records  OSHA, SOCSO and Workman’s Compensation Act – require that accidents be reported INVESTIGATING  To investigated minor and major cases AND  To examine the contributing factors RECORDING  To identify corrective actions; rearranging ACCIDENTS workstations, installing safety guards, giving additional safety training. 19   Common health hazards at work are:  Use of organic chemicals and toxic substances  Fumes, dust, and smoke  Radiation  Infection CREATING A  Noise and vibration  Extreme temperature HEALTHY  Ergonomics WORK  Wellness and Weight Issues  Job Stress and Burnout ENVIRONMENT  Depression  Alcoholism  Drug Abuse 20 IMPLICATIONS - HEALTH HAZARDS 21   Building better health  Healthy employees reduced absenteeism, increased efficiency, better morale  Pre-employment test to ensure applicant fit HOW TO for the job HANDLE  Promoting workplace fitness and health HEALTH  Regular exercise, weight control and proper HAZARDS nutrition  Employee assistance program  In-house counselors or outside professional 22   For enforcement of OSHA DEPARTMENT  compliance with Act, guidelines and codes of practices OF  Formulate & review legislation, policies, OCCUPATION guidelines & codes of practices of OSHA AL SAFETY  Promotional towards safe & health work AND HEALTH culture, (DOSH)  Carry out the research on OSHA 23   The Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee) Regulation 1996 OCCUPATIONAL  Organizations which employ more than five SAFETY AND employees to draft, disseminate and revise HEALTH ACT a safety policy. 1994  Hazardous industries – construction companies, gas and petroleum, chemical industries, woodworking, cement manufacturing 24  Aims To secure OSH of person against risk OCCUPATIONAL To protect against risk SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT To promote occupational environment to 1994 meet employees physiological & psychological needs 25   Setting up Work Safety Committee under (Sec.30(1)(a) ORGANIZATION for employers who have more than 40 employees RESPONSIBILITY  Establishing work safety rules TO SAFETY  Ensuring that workers manning machinery are UNDER OSHA adequately trained and follow safety instructions 1994  Designing work and non-work areas 26   Strict compliance be made to legislate requirements regarding manning safety, noise and other dangers ORGANIZATION  Adequate insurance coverage be taken for RESPONSIBILITY workers through government or private TO SAFETY agencies UNDER OSHA  Removing and storing hazardous products 1994 from the workplace  Maintaining a register of accidents and monitor situation 27   To the employee & others  Ensure safety, health, welfare at work DUTIES OF  Ensure necessary plant is up to the necessary EMPLOYER standard PART IV OF  Safe system, minimize operations that present OSHA 1994 danger (SECTION 15 -  Provide training and information 19)  Contravene/infringement – fine not exceeding RM50,000 or 2 years imprisonment or both 28   All employers with more than 5 employees are required to formulate a written Safety & Health Policy WRITTEN  The content of the policy: SAFETY & - General policy statement HEALTH - Organization POLICY - Arrangements SECTION 16  Important to be made known to employees during PART IV induction course or job training / display in strategic OSHA 1994 place 29   S 24(1)  (a)To take responsible care DUTIES OF  (b)Cooperate with employer of any person in the EMPLOYEES discharge of any duty PART VI  (c)To wear/use protective equipment  (d)To comply with any instructions OSHA 1994 (SECTION 24 –  Contravene – fine not exceeding RM1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 months or both 27)  If intentionally, recklessly or negligently – RM20,000 or to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or both. 30   Occupier / employer to appoint Safety & Health Officer DUTIES OF A  To advice employer SAFETY AND  Inspect the place of work HEALTH  Assist the employer in organizing & OFFICER implementing OSH programs (SECTION 31)  Contravene – RM 5,000 or 6 months imprisonment or both 32   S 30 of OSHA 1994, every employer shall establish a Safety & Health Committee at workplace if there are 40 or more persons employed / direction of Director General SAFETY &  Contravene – fine not exceeding RM5,000 or HEALTH imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or both COMMITTEE  Functions: (SECTION 30) - Keep review measures taken - Investigate and resolve the problems 33 34   Another important piece of legislation which protects employees during their course of employment is the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969, it provides for social security for employment injury contingencies in favour of employees. Under the Act, the employees has the right to claim for certain benefits such as: (a) Medical benefit; SOCIAL (b) Disablement benefit; SECURITY (c) Constant attendance allowance; (d) Dependants' benefit; ORGANISATI (e) Funeral benefit; (f) Survivor’s pension; and ON (SOCSO) (g) Invalidity pension. 1969  The Social Security Organisation (“SOCSO”) was established as one of the government departments under the Ministry of Human Resources to administer, implement and enforce the Employees’ Social Security Act 1969 and the Employees’ Social Security (General) Regulations 1971. The Employment Injury Scheme under SOCSO provides protection to employees against occupational injuries including occupational diseases and commuting accidents 35   The Social Security Organization (SOCSO) was established in 1971 under the Human Resources Ministry to implement and administer the social security schemes under the Employees' Social Security Act 1969  SOCSO’s function includes: Work  registration of employer and employee, collecting contribution, practices, processing benefit claims programmes  make payment to the injured worker and their dependents  provide vocational and physical rehabilitation benefits and enhance and activities occupational safety and health awareness of workers. : SOCSO  Providing Social Security protection by social insurance:-  Medical care  Cash benefits  Rehabilitation 36   The concept of “Vision Zero” was introduced by the International Social Security Association (“ISSA”) to reduce workplace accidents and occupational diseases. Vision Zero’s belief is that accidents and diseases have causes and can be prevented. It integrates three dimensions: safety, health and well-being. ISSA has developed resources to support the Vision Zero Campaign and has introduced the “Seven Golden Rules”. They are: 1. leadership through commitment; VISION ZERO 2. hazard identification for better risk management; 3. define targets in developing programmes; 4. being well-organised to ensure a safe and healthy system; 5. ensure safety health when using machines and equipment at workplace; 6. improve qualifications and competency of people; and 7. motivate them to participate. 37   Workplace inspections - a planned event in which the workplace is inspected to identify potential hazards. It is the best way of proactively identifying hazards before they have the ability to cause an injury. WORK  Citations and penalties - describes violations of the Occupational PRACTICES, Safety and Health and penalty(ies) listed PROGRAMMES  On-site consultations - the provision of consultative assistance on AND ACTIVITIES an employer's occupational safety and health program and on specific workplace hazards through a visit to an employer's worksite. It includes a written report to the employer on the findings and recommendations resulting from the visit.  Voluntary protection programs - initiative that encourages private industry and federal agencies to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses through hazard prevention and control, worksite analysis, training; and cooperation between management and workers  Training and education - OSHA provides the legislative framework to secure the safety, health and welfare among all Malaysian workforce and to protect others against risks to safety or health in connection with the activities of persons at work.  Cooperative Programs - businesses, labor groups, and other organizations can work cooperatively with the Agency 38   National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) WORK Malaysia  Established on December 1, 1992 PRACTICES,  “Critical catalyst" in the promotion of occupational safety and health PROGRAMME  “Backbone" to create a "self-regulating occupational safety and health culture" S AND  Training  Consultation ACTIVITIES  Research and development : NIOSH   Information dissemination – workshop, conference Examination 39 The End 40  Chart 1 : Number of Accident Reported 2010 – 2014 Source: www.perkeso.gov.my 41 Chart 2 : Number of Industrial Accidents 2010 - 2014 42 Chart 3 : Number of Commuting Accidents 2010 - 2014 43