Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) defines data types of data structures and the operations (functions) applicable to them.
• OOP is a programming style associated with concepts like class, object, inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction, and polymorphism.
• In OOP, data structures become objects that include both data and functions.

Programming Paradigms

• Paradigm refers to a method to solve a problem or perform a task.
• Programming Paradigm is an approach to solve problems using a programming language.
• Programming Paradigm involves solving a problem using available tools and techniques, following a specific approach.

Imperative Programming Approach

• Involves organizing a program conceptually around its code or data.
• Some programs focus on "what is happening," while others focus on "who is being affected".

Process-Oriented Paradigm

• Characterizes a program as a series of linear steps (code), which can be thought of as code acting on data.
• Problems arise as programs become larger and more complex.

Object-Oriented Programming

• Organizes a program around its data (objects) with well-defined interfaces.
• Can be characterized as data controlling access to code.

Declarative Programming Paradigm

• It expresses the logic of computation without specifying the control flow.
• Often views programs as theories of logic. It simplifies writing parallel programs.
• Focuses on what needs to be done, rather than how it should be done, emphasizing the code's actual purpose.
• It Declares the desired result without detailing how it's produced.
• The key difference between imperative (how to do) and declarative (what to do) programming paradigms.

Logic Programming Paradigms

• Solve logical problems like puzzles and series.
• In logical programming, the emphasis is on the knowledge base and the problem.
• Program execution is similar to proving a mathematical statement.

Functional Programming Paradigms

• Has roots in mathematics and is language-independent.
• It Hides implementation details and can replace values without altering the program's meaning.
• The key principle is the execution of a series of mathematical functions.
• The central model is the function, designed for specific computations rather than data structures.