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Questions and Answers
What is the programming approach used in C language?
Which of the following features is not supported by C language?
What is the file extension of a C++ program?
Which of the following is a characteristic of object-oriented programming?
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In C language, variables can be declared:
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C++ can be considered as an incremental version of which language?
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Which of the following is a benefit of object-oriented programming?
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In C++, data access is:
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Which programming approach focuses on functions rather than data?
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What is a key feature of Object Oriented Programming that relates to controlling access to data?
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In which programming paradigm is data considered more important than procedures?
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Which of the following concepts is NOT typically associated with Procedure Oriented Programming?
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What principle in Object Oriented Programming allows different data types to be accessed through a uniform interface?
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How does Object Oriented Programming manage adding new data and functions compared to Procedure Oriented Programming?
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Which feature of Object Oriented Programming relates to the reduction of complexity through simplifying the interface?
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Which example is considered a Procedure Oriented Programming language?
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Study Notes
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts
- OOP is a programming paradigm focused on objects that combine data and behavior.
- Key differences with Procedure Oriented Programming (POP):
- OOP emphasizes data over functions, while POP prioritizes functions.
- OOP uses a Bottom-Up approach; POP uses a Top-Down approach.
- OOP offers access specifiers (public, private, protected) for data encapsulation, unlike POP.
- Fundamental concepts of OOP include:
- Encapsulation: Bundling of data and methods that operate on that data.
- Inheritance: Mechanism for creating new classes from existing ones, promoting code reuse.
- Polymorphism: Ability to process objects differently based on their data type or class.
Benefits of OOP
- Enhanced data security through encapsulation and data hiding.
- Improved maintainability and scalability due to modular design.
- Promotion of code reuse through inheritance.
- Ability to model real-world interactions more intuitively.
C++ Program Structure
- C++ files have a .CPP extension.
- Supports OOP principles while maintaining compatibility with C.
- Allows function and operator overloading, providing flexibility in code.
- Variables can be declared inline, increasing access efficiency.
- Employs dynamic binding to enhance runtime flexibility.
Overview of C Language
- C is a structure-oriented or procedure-oriented language using top-down programming.
- All C code can run in C++, but not vice versa, limiting interoperability.
- Lacks features for OOP such as polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance.
- Data access is unrestricted; functions can freely access global data.
- Local variables must be declared at the beginning of a block, restricting flexibility in variable scope.
Overview of C++ Language
- C++ builds on C, incorporating object-oriented features while retaining procedural elements.
- Emphasizes data security through controlled data access and visibility modes.
- Supports all C features along with OOP capabilities like inheritance and encapsulation.
- Allows for dynamic binding, improving program adaptability.
Differences Between POP and OOP
- POP fragments the program into functions; OOP decomposes it into objects.
- In POP, data can be accessed and modified freely; OOP restricts access through encapsulation.
- Overloading is not supported in POP, whereas C++ allows function and operator overloading.
- Examples of POP languages include C, VB, and FORTRAN; OOP languages include C++, JAVA, and C#.NET.
Principles of Object Oriented Programming
- Encapsulation: Data and methods are packaged into a single unit (class), safeguarding the internal state.
- Data Abstraction: Hiding complex realities while exposing only essential parts of an object.
- Polymorphism: Enabling one interface to be used for different data types.
- Inheritance: Mechanism of acquiring properties and behaviors from another class.
- Dynamic Binding: Resolving method calls at runtime, enhancing flexibility.
- Message Passing: Objects communicate by sending messages to one another.
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Description
Learn the fundamental concepts of Object Oriented Programming, including encapsulation, inheritance, and more. Understand the key differences between OOP and Procedure Oriented Programming.
