Pylomorphism
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a feature of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

  • Abstraction (correct)
  • Modular programming
  • Algorithmic design
  • Procedural programming

    • What is an object in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

  • A data structure that holds attributes and methods (correct)
  • A block of code that performs a task
  • A variable that holds a value
  • A function that takes arguments

    • Which OOP concept allows objects of different classes to respond to the same method call?

  • Encapsulation
  • Inheritance
  • Abstraction
  • Polymorphism (correct)

    • What is the primary goal of encapsulation in OOP?

    <p>To hide implementation details from the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inheritance relationship between two classes in OOP?

    <p>A 'is-a' relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is abstraction in OOP?

    <p>Representing complex systems in a simplified way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of packages in OOP?

    <p>To organize related classes and interfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of abstraction in OOP?

    <p>To find commonalities between different objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which OOP concept allows for code reuse by creating a new class based on an existing class?

    <p>Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of encapsulation?

    <p>It hides internal implementation details from outsiders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of abstraction in OOP?

    <p>A hierarchy of superclass-subclass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inheritance in OOP?

    <p>To create a hierarchy of superclass-subclass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polymorphism?

    <p>A process of implementing an abstract behavior in different ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of abstraction in application development?

    <p>It helps to avoid creating separate applications for each system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of abstract classes in OOP?

    <p>To define an abstract behavior for subclasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do subclasses behave in polymorphism?

    <p>They implement an abstract behavior in different ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

    <p>Data protection from external interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for grouping related classes and methods into a single unit?

    <p>Package</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a constructor in a class?

    <p>To initialize the object's state when it is created</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for hiding the implementation details of an object from other objects?

    <p>Encapsulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using abstraction in object-oriented programming?

    <p>It provides a way to define a portable application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an object to take on multiple forms?

    <p>Polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a setter method in a class?

    <p>To set the value of a private attribute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of creating a new class based on an existing class?

    <p>Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the @Override annotation in a subclass?

    <p>To override a method with the same signature in the superclass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between static and instance members in a class?

    <p>Static members are shared by all objects of the class, while instance members are specific to each object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of polymorphism in the Shapes example?

    <p>A circle is-a shape, and a triangle is-a shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of encapsulation in OOP?

    <p>To hide the implementation details of an object from the outside world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of abstraction in application development?

    <p>It reduces complexity by showing only essential features of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inheritance in OOP?

    <p>The subclass inherits all the members of the superclass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a constructor in a class?

    <p>To initialize the state of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the 'this' keyword and the 'super' keyword?

    <p>The 'this' keyword refers to the current object, while the 'super' keyword refers to the superclass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of creating a new class based on an existing class in object-oriented programming?

    <p>Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the given example, what is the relationship between the Student and Professor classes and the Person class?

    <p>Student and Professor are subclasses of Person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What keyword is used to indicate that a class is inheriting from another class?

    <p>extends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What members of the superclass are not visible in the subclass?

    <p>Private members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of access modifiers in object-oriented programming?

    <p>To restrict access to certain members of a class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of polymorphism in object-oriented programming?

    <p>A method overriding another method with the same name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the concept of hiding the implementation details of a class from the outside world?

    <p>Encapsulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of exposing only the necessary information to the outside world while hiding the implementation details?

    <p>Abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

    • Account class: has instance variable name (String), setter, getter, and is required for demonstrating private vs public access modifiers.
    • Driver class: Lecture2 uses a Scanner for receiving user input, instantiates an Account object, and calls setters and getters.
    • UML: represents a class with three compartments - top (class name), middle (attributes), and bottom (methods); access modifiers are represented using +/- symbols.

    Constructors

    • Constructor syntax: special method with the same name as the class, used for initializing objects.
    • No return value for constructors; default constructors can be used if no constructor is defined.
    • Constructors are invoked when an object is created, and can be used to initialize objects with default values.

    Object-Oriented Programming Features

    • Encapsulation: the process of hiding an object's details from other objects, providing a way to define a portable application, and leading to APIs, reusability, and abstraction.
    • Polymorphism: the ability of an object to take on multiple forms, achieved through method overriding or method overloading.
    • Abstraction: the process of finding commonalities between objects, resulting in a hierarchy of superclass-subclass, and enabling inheritance and polymorphism.
    • Inheritance: the process of creating a new class based on an existing class, using the extends keyword, and inheriting attributes and methods.
    • Package: a way to organize related classes and interfaces.

    Encapsulation

    • Encapsulation helps by hiding object details, preventing unexpected changes to data, and providing a way to define a portable application.
    • It leads to abstraction, modularity, easier maintenance, and reusability.

    Abstraction

    • Abstraction helps by creating a hierarchy of superclass-subclass, enabling inheritance and polymorphism.
    • It allows for the definition of an abstract behavior to represent common behavior of subclasses.

    Objects, Attributes, and Behaviors

    • An object is an entity in real-life with distinct states and behaviors.
    • Objects have control over their member functions and data, and can hide internal members from outsiders.
    • Well-intended outsiders can't make unwanted mistakes, and evil-intended outsiders have more difficulty hacking the code.

    Inheritance

    • Inheritance enables the creation of new classes from existing classes, using the extends keyword.
    • The subclass inherits all members of the superclass, including fields and methods.
    • Private members of the superclass are not visible in the subclass, but can be overridden.

    Access Modifiers

    • Private: only accessible within the class itself.
    • Protected: accessible within the class and its subclasses.
    • Package (default): accessible within the same package.
    • Public: accessible from anywhere.

    Static Keyword

    • Static variables and methods are part of the class itself, shared by all objects of the class.
    • Static members can be used before any objects are created, and should be referenced by the class name itself.
    • Instance members do not exist until an object is created, and are accessed through a reference to the object.

    Inheritance and Polymorphism

    • Inheritance enables polymorphism, where objects of a subclass can be treated as objects of the superclass.
    • Polymorphism allows for the creation of objects that can take on multiple forms, achieved through method overriding or method overloading.

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    Related Documents

    AC-S24-OOP-Lect03-Part2-Polymorphism.pdf

    Description

    This quiz covers topics from lecture 2 of an object-oriented programming course in Java, including classes, instance variables, getters and setters, and more.

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