Podcast
Questions and Answers
The "P" in PICO represents
The "P" in PICO represents
- Pathology
- Patient (correct)
- Problem
- Prognosis
For a research study, a physical therapist measures knee flexion range of motion in patients with osteoarthritis using a goniometer. The knee flexion data that should be considered:
For a research study, a physical therapist measures knee flexion range of motion in patients with osteoarthritis using a goniometer. The knee flexion data that should be considered:
- Ordinal
- Continuous (correct)
- Nominal
- Discrete
The primary difference between a SAMPLE and the POPULATION is:
The primary difference between a SAMPLE and the POPULATION is:
- A sample only includes patients with a given disease/condition, whereas the population includes those with and without the condition
- A sample includes only those individuals in the study who appear to benefit from the intervention, whereas the population includes all individual in the study (including those who did not benefit from the intervention)
- A sample includes only those individuals in a study who received the intervention, whereas the population includes all individuals in the study (such as control groups, placebo groups, etc.)
- A sample includes only those individuals enrolled in the research study, whereas the population includes all patients with a given disease/condition (correct)
A study is examining the effectiveness of a post-surgical physical therapy intervention for college soccer players who tear their ACL. The researchers propose that the new physical therapy intervention will accelerate the athletes’ recoveries. Which of the following would be considered a surrogate outcome?
A study is examining the effectiveness of a post-surgical physical therapy intervention for college soccer players who tear their ACL. The researchers propose that the new physical therapy intervention will accelerate the athletes’ recoveries. Which of the following would be considered a surrogate outcome?
A research study examines how consistent two different physical therapists are at performing a manual muscle test on the same individual. In the study, Therapist A and Therapist B both score patients in their back extension strength, using a scale of 1 through 20. The ratings measured by Therapist A and Therapist B are then compared to one another. This is an example of:
A research study examines how consistent two different physical therapists are at performing a manual muscle test on the same individual. In the study, Therapist A and Therapist B both score patients in their back extension strength, using a scale of 1 through 20. The ratings measured by Therapist A and Therapist B are then compared to one another. This is an example of:
A physical therapist assesses a person’s balance. In this test, a patient is asked to stand on only one leg, with one’s hands on their hips. The patient is instructed to remain standing on one leg as long as possible. The physical therapist records the length of time that the patient stood on one leg. This is then repeated three times. In this example, the CONSTRUCT is:
A physical therapist assesses a person’s balance. In this test, a patient is asked to stand on only one leg, with one’s hands on their hips. The patient is instructed to remain standing on one leg as long as possible. The physical therapist records the length of time that the patient stood on one leg. This is then repeated three times. In this example, the CONSTRUCT is:
In which situation is regression to the mean most likely to occur?
In which situation is regression to the mean most likely to occur?
An orthopedic physical therapist believes that a new high intensity rehabilitation protocol will produce superior outcomes compared to standard rehabilitation in all of their patients who have undergone a total knee replacement. Since this high-intesity training requires substantial motivation, the therapist considers their most recent 50 patients, and then recruits the 20 patients who seemed to be most enthusiastic about their rehabiliation to enroll in the study. This is an example of:
An orthopedic physical therapist believes that a new high intensity rehabilitation protocol will produce superior outcomes compared to standard rehabilitation in all of their patients who have undergone a total knee replacement. Since this high-intesity training requires substantial motivation, the therapist considers their most recent 50 patients, and then recruits the 20 patients who seemed to be most enthusiastic about their rehabiliation to enroll in the study. This is an example of:
A study evaluates the INTER-rater reliability of a new clinical outcome measure. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) is 0.89. Which is the MOST ACCURATE interpretation of this result?
A study evaluates the INTER-rater reliability of a new clinical outcome measure. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) is 0.89. Which is the MOST ACCURATE interpretation of this result?
A study reports the following values for knee joint flexion range of motion (ROM) in a group of 35 patients with osteoarthritis:
Mean: 65 degrees
Median: 63 degrees
Range: 42 to 81 degrees
Standard Deviation: 10 degrees
Which of the following is an accurate statement, based on the information presented?
A study reports the following values for knee joint flexion range of motion (ROM) in a group of 35 patients with osteoarthritis:
Mean: 65 degrees Median: 63 degrees Range: 42 to 81 degrees Standard Deviation: 10 degrees
Which of the following is an accurate statement, based on the information presented?
A patient believes that whole body cryotherapy may be helpful to relieve their low back pain. The patient visits a whole body cryotherapy facility and undergoes a treatment. Although the treatment does not provide any relief after the first visit, the patient goes back. After utlizing whole body cryotherapy twice per week for six weeks, the patient's back pain gradually resolves. The patient then recommends whole body cryotherapy to their friends and states, "It really helped my back pain."
Which choice below BEST represents this situation?
A patient believes that whole body cryotherapy may be helpful to relieve their low back pain. The patient visits a whole body cryotherapy facility and undergoes a treatment. Although the treatment does not provide any relief after the first visit, the patient goes back. After utlizing whole body cryotherapy twice per week for six weeks, the patient's back pain gradually resolves. The patient then recommends whole body cryotherapy to their friends and states, "It really helped my back pain."
Which choice below BEST represents this situation?
A physical therapist tells a patient that ultrasound therapy will improve their tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and describes the physics of how ultrasound should improve tendon healing. The patient agrees that it sounds beneficial and receives three ultrasound treatment sessions. The patient reports the symptoms have completely resolved. However, the peer-review literature consistently indicates that ultrasound therapy does not provide any benefit compared to other treatment.
Which BEST describes the patient's response to ultrasound therapy?
A physical therapist tells a patient that ultrasound therapy will improve their tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) and describes the physics of how ultrasound should improve tendon healing. The patient agrees that it sounds beneficial and receives three ultrasound treatment sessions. The patient reports the symptoms have completely resolved. However, the peer-review literature consistently indicates that ultrasound therapy does not provide any benefit compared to other treatment.
Which BEST describes the patient's response to ultrasound therapy?
Of the choices listed below, which is LOWEST on the Research Evidence Pyramid?
Of the choices listed below, which is LOWEST on the Research Evidence Pyramid?
Which of the following studies would be considered a CAUSAL study design?
Which of the following studies would be considered a CAUSAL study design?
What is the main purpose of randomization in a research study?
What is the main purpose of randomization in a research study?
What is the primary weakness of quasi-experimental studies compared to randomized controlled trials (RCTs)?
What is the primary weakness of quasi-experimental studies compared to randomized controlled trials (RCTs)?
What is a primary advantage of a crossover study over a randomized clinical trial study?
What is a primary advantage of a crossover study over a randomized clinical trial study?
A study is investigating whether a new ACL rehab protocol leads to faster return to sport compared to standard rehab. Researchers collect data from two different clinics—one using the new protocol and one using standard rehab. Patients’ progress is tracked for 12 months, and the primary outcome is time to return to full sport participation (measured in days). Why would this be considered an alternative research design?
A study is investigating whether a new ACL rehab protocol leads to faster return to sport compared to standard rehab. Researchers collect data from two different clinics—one using the new protocol and one using standard rehab. Patients’ progress is tracked for 12 months, and the primary outcome is time to return to full sport participation (measured in days). Why would this be considered an alternative research design?
Which of the following best describes how a single-subject design differs from a case study?
Which of the following best describes how a single-subject design differs from a case study?
Which study design is most appropriate to investigate how PTs perceive barriers to implementing virtual reality therapy in stroke rehabilitation?
Which study design is most appropriate to investigate how PTs perceive barriers to implementing virtual reality therapy in stroke rehabilitation?
In a single-subject study investigating dry needling for myofascial pain, why is it the primary reason to perform repeated baseline measurement phase?
In a single-subject study investigating dry needling for myofascial pain, why is it the primary reason to perform repeated baseline measurement phase?
Which study design is best suited for identifying whether prior ankle sprains increase the risk of developing chronic ankle instability?
Which study design is best suited for identifying whether prior ankle sprains increase the risk of developing chronic ankle instability?
A PT researcher wants to determine whether baseline quadriceps strength predicts long-term functional recovery after ACL reconstruction. What is the most appropriate study design?
A PT researcher wants to determine whether baseline quadriceps strength predicts long-term functional recovery after ACL reconstruction. What is the most appropriate study design?
The key difference between absolute risk and relative risk is that:
The key difference between absolute risk and relative risk is that:
What does a relative risk (RR) below 1 mean?
What does a relative risk (RR) below 1 mean?
Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason why researchers might choose a retrospective cohort study over a prospective cohort study?
Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason why researchers might choose a retrospective cohort study over a prospective cohort study?
A test with high specificity (i.e., >0.90) is best used for which of the following?
A test with high specificity (i.e., >0.90) is best used for which of the following?
Which statement about positive predictive value (PPV) is correct?
Which statement about positive predictive value (PPV) is correct?
What does a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97% mean?
What does a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97% mean?
A PT is deciding whether to refer a patient for an MRI to confirm a suspected rotator cuff tear. The PT performs a screening test, which has a PPV of 35%. Based on this information alone, which of the following is correct? (There is only ONE correct answer).
A PT is deciding whether to refer a patient for an MRI to confirm a suspected rotator cuff tear. The PT performs a screening test, which has a PPV of 35%. Based on this information alone, which of the following is correct? (There is only ONE correct answer).
A PT is analyzing a study where the specificity of a new test for detecting meniscal tears is only 55%. How does this impact clinical use?
A PT is analyzing a study where the specificity of a new test for detecting meniscal tears is only 55%. How does this impact clinical use?
A test which is good at identifying true positive cases has:
A test which is good at identifying true positive cases has:
Which of the following represents a study about the PREVALENCE of anterior knee pain in runners?
Which of the following represents a study about the PREVALENCE of anterior knee pain in runners?
A study aims to determine if blood flow restriction (BFR) training reduces fractures risk in patients with osteoporosis compared to standard resistance training. It produces the following data:
• 200 osteoporosis patients are included in the study – 100 in the control group (standard resistance training) and 100 in the experimental group (BFR training)
• 8 participants in the standard resistance training group had a fracture
• 4 participants in the BFR group had a fracture
Which is an accurate interpretation of this study’s results?
A study aims to determine if blood flow restriction (BFR) training reduces fractures risk in patients with osteoporosis compared to standard resistance training. It produces the following data:
• 200 osteoporosis patients are included in the study – 100 in the control group (standard resistance training) and 100 in the experimental group (BFR training) • 8 participants in the standard resistance training group had a fracture • 4 participants in the BFR group had a fracture
Which is an accurate interpretation of this study’s results?
A study aims to determine whether aggressive range-of-motion (ROM) training improves clinical outcomes in patients with frozen shoulder compared to standard treatment. Forty patients are randomized into two groups (20 in the control group receiving standard treatment, and 20 in the experimental group receiving aggressive ROM training).
Over the course of the study, several patients drop out:
Control group (2 dropouts): 1 due to scheduling conflicts, 1 due to feeling like they were not making progress.
Aggressive ROM group (11 dropouts): 1 due to scheduling conflicts, but 10 dropped out due to extreme pain and discomfort caused by the intervention.
At the end of the study, only the remaining participants (18 in the control group, 9 in the treatment group) are analyzed. The results suggest that aggressive ROM training significantly improved clinical outcomes compared to standard treatment.
Which of the following biases is MOST responsible for overestimating the effectiveness of aggressive ROM training?
A study aims to determine whether aggressive range-of-motion (ROM) training improves clinical outcomes in patients with frozen shoulder compared to standard treatment. Forty patients are randomized into two groups (20 in the control group receiving standard treatment, and 20 in the experimental group receiving aggressive ROM training).
Over the course of the study, several patients drop out:
Control group (2 dropouts): 1 due to scheduling conflicts, 1 due to feeling like they were not making progress. Aggressive ROM group (11 dropouts): 1 due to scheduling conflicts, but 10 dropped out due to extreme pain and discomfort caused by the intervention. At the end of the study, only the remaining participants (18 in the control group, 9 in the treatment group) are analyzed. The results suggest that aggressive ROM training significantly improved clinical outcomes compared to standard treatment.
Which of the following biases is MOST responsible for overestimating the effectiveness of aggressive ROM training?
Flashcards
Capital of France (example flashcard)
Capital of France (example flashcard)
Paris
