30 Questions
What is the primary purpose of cultivating a spirit of inquiry in evidence-based practice?
To consistently question current practices and improve patient outcomes
Which of the following is NOT a step in the evidence-based practice process?
Conducting primary research studies
What is the primary purpose of critically appraising evidence in evidence-based practice?
To evaluate the quality and relevance of the evidence
What is the PICOT format used for in evidence-based practice?
To formulate a clinical question to guide the search for evidence
What is the primary purpose of searching for evidence in evidence-based practice?
To identify the best available evidence to inform practice decisions
What is the primary outcome of integrating evidence into practice in evidence-based practice?
Improved patient outcomes
What is the primary purpose of evaluating the outcomes of practice decisions in evidence-based practice?
To determine the effectiveness of the practice decision or change
What is the primary purpose of using the PICOT format in evidence-based practice?
To formulate a clear and structured clinical question
Which of the following sources is NOT a recommended source for searching for evidence in evidence-based practice?
Textbook chapter
What is the primary goal of critically appraising evidence in evidence-based practice?
To evaluate the methodological quality of a study
Which of the following is an essential step in integrating evidence into practice?
Educating healthcare providers about the change
What is the primary purpose of using a systematic approach to critically appraise evidence?
To determine the value, feasibility, and usefulness of evidence
Which of the following is a key characteristic of cultivating a spirit of inquiry in evidence-based practice?
Encouraging a culture of curiosity and critical thinking
What is the primary outcome of integrating evidence into practice?
Improved patient outcomes
What is the primary purpose of evaluating the outcomes of an evidence-based practice change?
To determine if the change was effective and if modifications are needed
What is a key component of integrating evidence into practice?
Teaching tools, clinical practice guidelines, and policies
Who should be involved in communicating the outcomes of an evidence-based practice decision?
All of the above, as well as clinical grand rounds and professional conferences
What is the primary goal of critically appraising evidence?
To evaluate the quality and strength of the evidence
What is the primary purpose of using the PICOT format in searching for evidence?
To develop a clear and focused clinical question
What is a key strategy for sustaining knowledge use in evidence-based practice?
Using targeted strategies to sustain use of EBP decisions
What is the primary goal of cultivating a spirit of inquiry in evidence-based practice?
To create a culture that values curiosity and questioning
Which step of the scientific method involves analyzing data and drawing conclusions?
Analyze the data and draw conclusions
What type of research focuses on the benefits, risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment on patients?
Outcomes research
What is the primary purpose of translation research?
To translate research findings into practice
What is the focus of Phase 1 clinical trials?
Testing safety and efficacy in a small group of human subjects
What is the goal of critically appraising evidence?
To evaluate the validity and relevance of research findings
What is the primary purpose of searching for evidence?
To find the best available evidence to inform practice
What is the focus of cultivating a spirit of inquiry?
Fostering a culture of curiosity and questioning
What is the purpose of integrating evidence into practice?
To apply the best available evidence to inform practice
What is the primary focus of quantitative research?
Describing and predicting phenomena using numerical data
Study Notes
Evidence-Based Practice
- Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a problem-solving approach that combines the best evidence with a clinician's expertise, patient preferences, and health care resources in making decisions about patient care.
- EBP involves the best scientific evidence from well-designed, systematically conducted research studies found in scientific, peer-reviewed journals.
Steps of Evidence-Based Practice
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- Cultivate a spirit of inquiry: constantly questioning current practices leads to consistent use of EBP.
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- Ask a clinical question in PICOT format: P (Patient population), I (Intervention), C (Comparison), O (Outcome), and T (Time).
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- Search for the best evidence: sources include agency policy, procedure manuals, quality improvement data, existing clinical practice guidelines, and journal articles.
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- Critically appraise the evidence: synthesize or combine findings, consider scientific rigor, and determine value, feasibility, and usefulness.
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- Integrate the evidence: apply research in plan of care, educate about change, plan for large-scale change, pilot study, and incorporate into policies and procedures.
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- Evaluate the outcomes of practice decision or change: determine effectiveness, need for modifications, and whether to discontinue.
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- Communicate the outcomes of the evidence-based practice decision: to clinical staff, nursing practice council, clinicians, and professional conferences.
The Need for Evidence-Based Practice
- EBP institutions demonstrate a culture that encourages nurses to question practices.
- Integration involves teaching tools, clinical practice guidelines, policies, and procedures.
Scientific Method
- Make an observation
- Ask questions and gather information
- Analyze the literature and form a research question or hypothesis
- Conduct a study using scientific rigor
- Analyze the data and draw conclusions
Types of Research Studies
- Quantitative research: experimental, nonexperimental, and surveys
- Qualitative research: inductive reasoning
Nursing Research
- A way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practice, and use resources effectively.
- Many professional and specialty nursing organizations support the conduct of research for advancing nursing science.
Translation Research Phases
- Preclinical and animal studies: basic science research
- Phase 1 clinical trials: testing safety and efficacy in a small group of human subjects
- Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials: testing safety and efficacy in a larger group of human subjects and comparing to standard treatment
- Phase 4 clinical trials and outcomes research: translation to practice
- Phase 5 population-level outcomes research: translation to community
Outcomes Research
- Helps patients, health care providers, and those in health care policy make informed decisions based on current evidence.
- Typically focuses on benefits, risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment on patients.
- Outcomes must be observable or measurable.
Test your knowledge of evidence-based practice, including forming clinical questions in PICOT format and searching for the best evidence.
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