Nutrition, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Lecture 8 & 9

<p>Potential toxicity leading to jaundice and brain damage in the newborn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selenium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folate (B9) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enriched foods have nutrients added that were lost during processing, while fortified foods have nutrients added that were not originally present. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require bile for absorption and are stored in tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin A and Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin A and Zinc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin K2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water-soluble vitamins are generally not stored in the body and excess amounts are excreted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating body processes and are structurally important. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acting as cofactors or components of enzymes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess and plan diets for groups and individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transports excess body heat to the skin's surface for dissipation through sweat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark amber-colored urine may suggest dehydration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matching fluid intake to fluid loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rely heavily on thirst mechanisms to signal when to drink. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beriberi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Riboflavin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pellagra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broccoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it can dissolve a wide range of polar and ionic compounds more effectively than most other liquids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood concentration drawing water out of the salivary glands, leading to a dry mouth sensation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water follows the movement of electrolytes to maintain osmotic balance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adequate Intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reabsorbing more water and electrolytes back into the bloodstream. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thirst response is often diminished in older adults. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water absorbs heat during sweating and cools the body as it evaporates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebral edema due to the influx of water into brain cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegetables and fruits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming electrolyte-rich beverages to replace both fluid and sodium losses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing direct energy to cells for metabolic processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reabsorbing more water from the filtrate in the nephrons under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create osmotic pressure gradients that influence water movement between intracellular and extracellular spaces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restoring nutrients to a food that were lost during processing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kidneys of older adults are less efficient at concentrating urine, reducing their ability to conserve water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supporting proper blood clotting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may induce jaundice in the newborn, potentially leading to brain damage and death. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation and increased risk for kidney stone formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnesium: blood pressure regulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing iron absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enriched foods have nutrients removed and replaced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased thirst (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coenzyme in collagen formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pellagra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and abdominal cramping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90mg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurological and cardiovascular issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bright yellow urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It monitors blood concentration and coordinates with the pituitary gland. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves a significant loss of water relative to intake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyponatremia, or dilution of sodium levels in the blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salts move first, directing the movement of water in and out of cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.7 liters from all sources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thirst mechanisms activate to encourage drinking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their thirst response may be less perceptive, leading to dehydration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps in the transport of nutrients and waste products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis attracting water from salivary glands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body.

Vitamins that dissolve in fats and can be stored in the body's fatty tissues.

Inorganic nutrients essential for various body functions, including living cells.

Minerals required in small amounts, essential for health, such as iron and zinc.

Indicators that the body lacks essential nutrients, leading to health issues.

Indicators of overconsumption of nutrients, which can lead to toxicity.

Dietary Reference Intakes including Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Adequate Intake (AI) values for nutrients.

Water helps in digestion, absorption, circulation, and maintaining temperature.

A vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone formation.

Symptoms include hemorrhage and abnormal bone formation.

Excess synthetic Vitamin K can be harmful, especially in pregnancy and newborns.

Essential for bone structure, muscle contraction, and blood clotting.

Good sources include dairy, tofu, and fish with bones.

Water is essential for life; it regulates temperature, cushions organs, and participates in reactions.

Water dissolves many substances due to its polarity, making it vital for chemical reactions.

The hypothalamus detects blood concentration and triggers thirst, which helps maintain hydration.

Dehydration occurs when water loss exceeds intake, impacting bodily functions.

Excessive intake of plain water leading to an imbalance, diluting electrolytes in the body.

Charged particles in water (ions) like sodium and potassium that help maintain fluid balance.

The equilibrium between fluid intake and excretion, crucial for homeostasis.

Men should consume about 3.7 liters of fluids daily from drinks and food.

Women need approximately 2.7 liters of fluids daily from beverages and food.

Water is lost through skin, urine, feces, and respiration, affecting hydration levels.

A condition caused by lack of Vitamin C, leading to scurvy.

A disease resulting from Vitamin C deficiency, causing bleeding gums and poor healing.

Foods rich in Vitamin C include broccoli, kiwi, and citrus fruits.

A deficiency in Vitamin B1 causes beriberi, affecting the nervous system.

Lack of Vitamin B3 leads to pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

B Vitamins help generate energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Vitamin B6 helps in the utilization of amino acids to produce proteins.

Vitamin B12 works with folate to help cells multiply, especially red blood cells.

Consuming too much Vitamin C may cause nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.

The proper concentration of ions in body fluids for functionality.

Nutrients required in small amounts, including vitamins and minerals.

Foods that have nutrients added back after processing.

Foods that have additional nutrients added that weren't originally present.

Substances that may prevent damage to cells by free radicals.

Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water; fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in fats.

Minerals are essential for body functions like growth, bone health, and metabolism.

Fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy are rich in various vitamins.

DRI includes RDA and AI for nutrients needed to prevent deficiencies.

Keeping the right amount of water in the body is vital for health and function.

The equilibrium between water intake and excretion to maintain hydration.

Regulates water balance by monitoring blood concentration and signaling thirst.

A condition resulting from Vitamin B1 deficiency affecting the nervous system and cardiovascular health.

A disease caused by Vitamin B3 deficiency characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

The process of creating collagen, essential for skin, blood vessels, and connective tissues.

Crucial for red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis; works with folate.

Men: 90mg, Women: 75mg of Vitamin C needed daily for health.

Symptoms include hemorrhage and abnormal bone formation.

Can lead to stunted growth, osteopenia, or osteoporosis.

The equilibrium of fluids and charged particles in the body for proper function.

A B vitamin essential for DNA synthesis and cell division.