Nutrition Science Quiz

Macromolecules made of amino acids that contain nitrogen.

Amino acids that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not need to come from food.

Trace minerals required in small amounts for human health, measured in ppm or ppb.

Fats that are soluble in organic solvents and include essential fatty acids.

Vitamins A, D, E, K that are stored in the body's fat and require fat for absorption.

Types of fatty acids that must be consumed in the diet because the body cannot make them.

Vitamins such as B and C that must be consumed daily and are excreted in urine.

Inorganic minerals needed in larger amounts for health; issues can lead to serious health risks.

Essential fat-soluble vitamins that contribute to various bodily functions and are stored in the liver.

Minerals not derived from organic sources, crucial for various bodily functions.

A water-soluble vitamin important for immune function and skin health, needs daily intake.

Enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids; mammals may lack some digestive enzymes.

The necessity of consuming certain vitamins daily to maintain health, especially water-soluble ones.

Minerals in body fluids that help regulate hydration, balance, and muscle function, including Na, K, Cl.

Emphasis on the importance of consuming enough water daily for health benefits.

Microorganisms in the digestive tract that aid in breaking down food and producing nutrients.

Short-chain fatty acids produced from the fermentation of carbohydrates by microbes.

Cellulose can be digested by some microbes (BE), while starch must be broken down before absorption.

Animals that do not have a complex stomach structure, relying on a simpler digestive process.

The process where enzymes break down complex nutrients into simpler forms for absorption.

Substance that lowers pH and denatures proteins, killing microbes.

Inactive enzymes secreted by glands, activated by acid.

Substance that raises pH, protecting stomach lining from acid damage.

Damage to the stomach lining, often caused by stress or NSAIDs.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can cause gastric ulcers.

Different sections of the stomach in some animals, such as ruminants and pseudoruminants.

Animals with a stomach divided into four compartments: reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum.

The first compartment of a ruminant's stomach, involved in fermentation and regurgitating food.

The largest compartment of the ruminant stomach, where microbial fermentation occurs.

The third compartment of the ruminant stomach, absorbs nutrients and water.

The true stomach in ruminants where enzymatic digestion occurs.

Animals with three stomach compartments, such as camels and llamas.

Digestion using enzymes produced by the animal itself.

Digestion using microbial enzymes produced by gut microbes.

Process by which microbes break down food in the stomach of ruminants.

Protein source produced during microbial digestion in ruminants.

Short-chain fatty acids absorbed by ruminants from fermentation.

Animals that ferment food in the stomach before digestion, like ruminants.

Animals that ferment food after the small intestine, like horses.

Ammonia is absorbed from fermentation sites in ruminants.

Potential source of fatty acids from microbial digestion in ruminants.

Vitamins produced during fermentation that are absorbed by ruminants.

Energy losses occur from methane and carbon dioxide produced during digestion.

Absorption site for various nutrients in ruminants after fermentation.

Easily digested nutrients are fermented, potentially reducing their nutritional value.