Nutrition Science and Water Intake Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the average daily water intake recommended for adults?

4.7L – 5.7L

1.7L – 2.7L

3.7L – 4.7L

2.7L – 3.7L (correct)

What condition results from a water/sodium imbalance?

Hypernatremia

Hyponatremia (correct)

Hypokalemia

Hypercalcemia

Which of the following is a function of water in the body?

Enhances vision

Nutrient transport (correct)

Maintains muscle mass

Increases heart rate

What is a potential consequence of excessive water intake?

Hyponatremia Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient has an average intake range of 250-350 g/d?

Carbohydrate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for food analysis?

Consumer Preferences Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive fluid intake commonly be avoided by?

Increased urination Signup and view all the answers

What analysis method is mentioned for determining moisture content in feed samples?

Kjeldahl method Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the science of nutrition?

The processes regarding food interactions in relation to health and disease Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient philosopher recognized the significance of examining the individual for medical purposes?

Hippocrates Signup and view all the answers

Which discovery in the 17th century indicated that dietary supplements could improve health?

Iron fillings added to wine for anemia Signup and view all the answers

During which century was the understanding of vitamins and their importance for disease prevention developed?

19th Century Signup and view all the answers

What significant concept did Santorio Sanctorius contribute to the field of nutrition?

The connection between food intake and metabolic excretion Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of nutrition encompass according to its integrative approach?

Interdisciplinary methods from diverse sciences Signup and view all the answers

What significant question regarding nutrients emerged in the 20th Century?

How much of each nutrient is optimal for health Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the essence of nutrition as an integrative science?

It combines knowledge from multiple disciplines to understand food and health Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological fuel value of fat per gram?

9 kcal/g Signup and view all the answers

Which fatty acid has the highest gross energy value per gram?

Stearic acid Signup and view all the answers

What factor decreases the energy released by fatty acids?

Degree of unsaturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the gross energy for butyric acid calculated per gram?

5.35 kcal/g Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy is typically lost in urine when metabolizing protein?

1.25% Signup and view all the answers

How does the physiological fuel value of carbohydrates compare to that of fat?

Lower for carbs Signup and view all the answers

How much energy does 8 grams of fat contribute based on Atwater values?

72 kcal Signup and view all the answers

What is the metabolizable energy for stearic acid?

9.06 kcal/g Signup and view all the answers

What does the Heat Increment of Feeding (HIF) primarily refer to?

Energy used for digestion and nutrient storage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following equations is used to calculate daily caloric needs?

BMR = 665 + (9.6 × Weight) + (1.8 × Height) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of daily energy usage does the Heat Increment of Feeding comprise?

5-30% Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues are considered most reflective of the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

Muscle and bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the constant value used for metabolic weight in humans when calculating BMR?

70 Signup and view all the answers

Which activity level corresponds to the BMR multiplied by 1.55?

Moderately active Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) from Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)?

BMR is measured in a post-absorptive state while RMR is not Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities would typically require the highest caloric expenditure based on the provided activity levels?

Very hard exercise & physical job Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt?

NADPH production and ribose synthesis Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are consumed in the conversion of 2 molecules of lactate back to glucose?

6 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamins are required by the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex?

Thiamine, Niacin, Riboflavin, and Pantothenic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the net energy yield from one pyruvate molecule, in terms of NADH and ATP?

1 NADH ≈ 3 ATP Signup and view all the answers

In the Krebs Cycle, what is the energy yield from 1 Acetyl-CoA in terms of NADH, FADH2, and GTP?

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Hexose Monophosphate Shunt occur within the cell?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Pyruvate Carboxylase in cellular metabolism?

Carboxylate pyruvate to oxaloacetate Signup and view all the answers

What is the total energy yield from 1 glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

Approximately 36-38 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What role do bile acids play in lipid digestion?

They emulsify digested lipids, forming mixed micelles. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for lipid digestion in the stomach?

Gastric lipase Signup and view all the answers

How are bile acids affected by soluble fibers in the digestive tract?

They reduce the efficiency of enterohepatic circulation by binding bile acids. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes mixed micelles in the context of lipid digestion?

They are complex structures that facilitate lipid absorption across intestinal cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pancreatic lipase in lipid digestion?

To break down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of bile from the gallbladder?

Hormonal signals based on lipid intake Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of mixed micelles during lipid digestion?

Digested lipid products and bile salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of enterohepatic circulation?

To recycle bile acids from the intestine back to the liver Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Information

Course title: Fundamentals of Nutrition
Course code: NUTR *3210
Virtual office hours: Every Friday, 10:00 AM - 11:00 AM (on Zoom)
Courselink Discussion Board: Excellent resource for questions; post clearly, descriptive titles help reduce repeated questions
Exam questions directly from lectures and additional information provided in class

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of nutrition, including daily water intake recommendations, functions of water, and macronutrient intake ranges. Explore the historical significance of nutrition science and its evolution over the centuries.