Nutrition Science and Its Applications

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Questions and Answers

Which category do carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins belong to?

Inorganic nutrients

Energy-yielding nutrients (correct)

Non-essential nutrients

Essential nutrients

Which of the following is considered an essential nutrient?

Water

Dietary minerals (correct)

Other amino acids

Carbohydrates

How many nutrients are currently known to be essential for human beings?

40 (correct)

Which nutrients do not yield energy in the human body?

Vitamins, minerals, and water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is necessary for the synthesis of non-essential amino acids?

Essential amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for nutrients that must be obtained through the diet?

Indispensable nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the measurement unit for food energy?

Calories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about non-essential nutrients?

Their dietary intake reduces the need for biosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are considered essential?

Some amino acids like valine and lysine Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrients are classified as inorganic?

Minerals and water Signup and view all the answers

What does the study of nutritional genomics focus on?

The effects of nutrients on gene activities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines functional foods?

Foods containing bioactive components that provide health benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of nutrients in foods?

To provide energy and support bodily functions Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific disciplines form the foundation of the science of nutrition?

Biology, biochemistry, and physiology Signup and view all the answers

What misconception is often associated with the term 'diet'?

It refers solely to calorie counting Signup and view all the answers

What role does metabolism play in nutrition?

It encompasses the chemical processes involved in nutrient utilization Signup and view all the answers

How are products derived from plants or animals classified in nutrition?

As nutritious foods containing multiple substances Signup and view all the answers

What key benefit do bioactive components in functional foods provide?

They reduce disease risks Signup and view all the answers

What does nutritional profiling primarily assess in food items?

Nutrient content per reference amount Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is typically needed in the largest quantity?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'nutritional requirement'?

The specific quantity of a nutrient needed for optimal health Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can influence an individual's nutritional requirements?

Age and life stages Signup and view all the answers

What classification of dietary reference intake includes acceptable maximum levels?

Tolerable Upper Limits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a registered dietitian?

To help manage chronic diseases and provide tailored nutrition advice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a class of nutrients?

Additives Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT typically influence food choices?

Daily sunlight exposure Signup and view all the answers

Nutrients are essential because they:

Provide energy and support the body's repair processes Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of phytochemicals?

They are non-nutrient compounds with potential biological activity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is true?

They include fibers that are important for digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between organic and inorganic nutrients?

Organic nutrients contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence one's food allergies or intolerances?

Food preferences Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the importance of daily food choices?

They can both benefit and harm health. Signup and view all the answers

What role do emotions play in food choices?

They may lead to both positive and negative associations with food. Signup and view all the answers

How many calories are equivalent to 1 kilocalorie?

1000 calories Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight equivalent of 1 kilogram in pounds?

2.2 pounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of 1 cup in milliliters?

250 mL Signup and view all the answers

What are the energy values of carbohydrates and proteins per gram?

4 kcal/g for both Signup and view all the answers

How many grams are in 1 ounce?

30 grams Signup and view all the answers

If a food item contains 16 grams of carbohydrates, 7 grams of protein, and 9 grams of fat, what is the total energy it provides?

173 kcal Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of kcalories from fat does a food item provide if it contains 9 grams of fat out of a total of 173 kcal?

47% Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy provided by 12 grams of fat in kcal?

90 kcal Signup and view all the answers

Which conversion is accurate for tablespoons to teaspoons?

1 tbsp = 3 tsp Signup and view all the answers

To find the energy available from a food item, which nutrients are considered?

Carbohydrate, fat, and protein Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Science of Nutrition

Nutrition science studies nutrients in food and their bodily functions, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism, and excretion.
Interactions between nutrients and their balance impact health, growth, and disease.
Foundations of nutrition lie in biology, biochemistry, and physiology.
Nutritional genomics examines how nutrients affect gene activity and the diet-disease relationship.

Nutrition in Your Life

Foods consist of plant or animal-derived products containing nutrients and non-nutrients, providing energy for life maintenance and tissue growth.
A diet refers to the overall foods and beverages consumed, not a restrictive eating plan.
Functional foods contain bioactive components that offer health benefits beyond basic nutrition.

Roles of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists

Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) are food and nutrition experts providing personalized dietary advice.
They assist in managing chronic diseases and aid with food allergies and intolerances.

Importance of Food Choices

Daily dietary choices can either benefit or harm health by influencing chronic disease risk.
Food preferences arise from taste, habits, traditions, social factors, and availability.
Positive and negative emotional associations, values, and health concerns also shape food choices.

Composition of Food

Six classes of nutrients: water, carbohydrates (including fibers), lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
Non-nutrients include phytochemicals, pigments, additives, and alcohols.
Nutrients are essential for energy, structure, and regulatory functions in the body, aiding maintenance and disease risk reduction.

Nutrient Categories

Essential nutrients must be obtained from food; about 40 are necessary for humans.
Non-essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.
Energy-yielding nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, while water and minerals do not provide energy.

Energy Measurement

Caloric values for energy are measured in kilocalories (1 kcal = 1000 calories).
Energy is required for bodily functions, physical activities, and is stored for future use.

Energy Calculations

Calculating energy from food involves multiplying nutrient weights by their energy values: carbohydrates and proteins yield 4 kcal/g, fats yield 9 kcal/g.
Percentage of calories from each nutrient can be calculated by dividing the kcal from that nutrient by total kcal.

Nutritional Profiling

Nutritional profiling evaluates foods based on their nutrient content.
Definitions of nutritional requirements vary by nutrient and individual needs; factors include age, gender, and health status.

Dietary Reference Intakes

Categories include Estimated Average Requirements, Recommended Dietary Allowances, Adequate Intakes, and Tolerable Upper Limits to guide nutrient intake.

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Description

Explore the foundational concepts of nutrition science, including the study of nutrients, their functions, and their interactions within the body. This quiz covers the importance of diet, the role of functional foods, and the expertise of Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in promoting health. Test your knowledge on how nutrition influences growth, health, and disease.