Nutrition Science and Energy Expenditure
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Questions and Answers

What is the formula used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI)?

  • Weight in kilograms * Height in meters
  • Weight in kilograms / Height in square meters (correct)
  • Weight in pounds / Height in square inches
  • Weight in kilograms / Height in meters

    • What is considered underweight according to BMI calculations?

  • BMI equal to or greater than 25
  • BMI between 18.5 and 25
  • BMI less than 20
  • BMI less than 18.5 (correct)

    • Which method is considered the gold standard for measuring body composition?

  • Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (correct)
  • Bioelectrical impedance analysis
  • Underwater weighing
  • Skinfold measurements

    • Which of the following is a limitation of BMI as an evaluation method?

    <p>It may not accurately reflect body composition in athletes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fat distribution pattern is most commonly associated with greater health risks?

    <p>Android distribution (apple-shaped)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What waist to hip ratio is considered a risk factor for chronic diseases in men?

    <p>0.90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fat distribution pattern is linked with a higher risk of chronic diseases?

    <p>Apple-shaped fat patterning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the best indicator of health risk according to the given information?

    <p>Liver fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposes that individuals have a weight range their body naturally maintains?

    <p>Set point theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of population variation in BMI can genetic factors account for?

    <p>40-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to weight maintenance?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is specifically associated with fat mass and obesity?

    <p>FTO gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone primarily regulates hunger and can impact weight?

    <p>Leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people who diet are estimated to regain all or more weight within 5 years?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of fad diets?

    <p>Claim rapid weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bariatric surgery is known for being the most flexible with the least risk of death?

    <p>Gastric sleeve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of calorie deprivation in dieters?

    <p>Changes in hormones and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the pattern of losing weight followed by regaining it?

    <p>Weight cycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bariatric surgeries leads to malabsorption?

    <p>Gastric bypass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does weight cycling have on the body?

    <p>Increases the risk of obesity-associated diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for individuals who follow diet plans without sustainable lifestyle changes?

    <p>Increased likelihood of regaining weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of micronutrients like vitamin D in the body?

    <p>To help absorb calcium and fight infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is likely to decrease an individual's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

    <p>Starvation or very low-calorie diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total energy expenditure does the Thermic Effect of Food comprise?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic that can increase BMR?

    <p>High levels of stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of energy expenditure is primarily associated with deliberate exercise?

    <p>Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (EAT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does lean body mass affect Basal Metabolic Rate?

    <p>It increases BMR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to chronic disease states?

    <p>Overconsumption of high-quality nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in nutrition science?

    <p>To provide calories that the body uses for energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the Health at Every Size (HAES) approach?

    <p>Encouraging healthy habits for overall well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a core principle of HAES?

    <p>Finding joy in one's own body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does weight stigma impact healthcare access for larger-bodied individuals?

    <p>It can lead to shame and avoidance of regular medical care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health issue is NOT associated with internalized negative attitudes about weight?

    <p>Increased flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do HAES practitioners typically avoid during patient visits?

    <p>Calculating BMI unless medically necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In HAES, what is emphasized instead of weight loss?

    <p>Creating healthier patterns around food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'do no harm' approach in HAES imply?

    <p>Addressing health concerns without stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a cultural influence on dietary habits?

    <p>Expectations of family and friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stigma-related health consequence is least likely associated with weight stigma?

    <p>Feelings of community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common approach to weight loss primarily focuses on limiting caloric intake?

    <p>Calorie reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary candidate for pharmacotherapy in weight loss interventions?

    <p>Individuals with a BMI greater than 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a result of social factors influencing weight management?

    <p>Efficient metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of weight loss, what does bariatric surgery address?

    <p>Restricting caloric intake through surgical means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of food environment impact weight management?

    <p>Availability of junk food options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy is often used to target weight loss through dietary plans?

    <p>Limiting consumption of specific food categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition Science

    • Macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein) provide energy
    • Micronutrients (iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K) are essential for various bodily functions.
    • Different foods contain varying nutrient levels; some beneficial, some not.
    • Poor quality nutrient intake can contribute to chronic diseases.

    Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)

    • Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) represents the body's energy expenditure for basic functions (respiration, heartbeat, blood circulation).
    • 60-75% of total energy expenditure is accounted for by BMR.
    • Lean body mass increases BMR; age decreases it (3-5% per decade after age 30).
    • Other factors affecting BMR include hormones, stress, and certain drugs.
    • Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) contributes to energy expenditure while processing food (digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism).
    • Physical activity (exercise and non-exercise) also contributes to energy expenditure.

    Body Mass Index (BMI)

    • BMI is weight (kilograms) divided by height squared (meters squared).
    • Underweight BMI is less than 18.5.
    • Overweight BMI is 25 or more.
    • Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or more.

    Body Composition Measurement

    • Measurements include body fat, lean body mass, and waist/hip ratio.

    Fat Distribution and Risk

    • Apple-shaped fat patterns (mid-body) are associated with chronic disease risks (type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension).
    • Pear-shaped fat patterns (lower body) are less associated with such risks.
    • Other ways to measure fat distribution patterns include waist circumference measured around the stomach and waist to hip ratio.

    Factors Contributing to Weight Gain & Loss

    • Energy intake versus energy expenditure
    • Genetic factors
    • Diet composition
    • Metabolic factors
    • Physiological factors
    • Cultural and economic factors
    • Emotional factors

    Hormones Impacting Weight & Hunger

    • Sex Hormones: Influence fat storage.
    • Cortisol: Stress hormone.
    • Leptin: Satiety hormone, produced in fat cells.
    • Ghrelin: Hunger hormone, produced in the stomach and duodenum.
    • Impacts of insulin resistance, stress, and poor sleep on weight regulation.

    Economic & Social Factors Impacting Weight

    • Cultural customs and beliefs about body size.
    • Changes in work and leisure activities.
    • Lack of access to healthy food.
    • Social expectations and norms.

    Weight Loss Approaches

    • Calorie reduction
    • Fad diets (e.g., weight watchers, vegan, low-fat, paleo, South Beach)
    • Pharmacotherapy (use of medication)
    • Surgery (bariatric surgery)

    Weight Cycling and Impacts

    • Attempts to lose weight can result in weight cycling (repeated weight gain and loss).
    • Associated with increased inflammation and risks of obesity-related diseases (stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes).

    Health at Every Size (HAES)

    • Supports health habits instead of weight loss.
    • Encourages flexible eating, physical activity joy, and body acceptance.

    Weight Loss Program Effectiveness

    • Research shows that weight loss programs are often ineffective in the long term.
    • Most individuals regain lost weight

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    Related Documents

    Weight, Energy, and HAES PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential topics in nutrition science, including macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Understand how these factors contribute to energy balance and overall health. Test your knowledge on how dietary choices impact well-being and metabolism.

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