Questions and Answers
All nutrients are divided into ________ classes.
six
Of the following nutrients, which contains nitrogen?
Proteins
To a scientist describing nutrients, the term 'organic' means nutrients that
Contain both carbon and hydrogen
Vitamin C and the B vitamins are termed
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary source of fuel for the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following BEST describes minerals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes the vitamins A, D, E, and K?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of an inorganic nutrient?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following nutrients is the MOST energy dense?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition?
Signup and view all the answers
Excess sodium in the diet is linked to ________ in some individuals.
Signup and view all the answers
If Alexandra were to consume all of her protein from milk and cheese, she might develop deficiencies of ________ over time.
Signup and view all the answers
Including fiber in your diet is beneficial to your GI tract, but consuming excess amounts of fiber can result in the loss of nutrients. This statement is an example of which of the factors to consider in planning diets?
Signup and view all the answers
The four characteristics of a healthful diet are adequacy, balance, moderation, and ________.
Signup and view all the answers
The government agency that regulates food labeling in the United States is the
Signup and view all the answers
The government agency that regulates the food labels on fresh meat and poultry in the United States is the
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following foods is exempt from standard food labeling regulations?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT required on a food label?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements does NOT describe the Mediterranean-style diet?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes nutrient density?
Signup and view all the answers
Appetite is triggered by
Signup and view all the answers
Cell membranes are primarily composed of
Signup and view all the answers
Hunger is best described as
Signup and view all the answers
Our genetic information, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), is located in the
Signup and view all the answers
The 'powerhouse' of the cell that produces most of the ATP is/are the
Signup and view all the answers
The human body is organized into the following structural levels (smallest to largest):
Signup and view all the answers
The pancreatic hormones insulin and ________ are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels.
Signup and view all the answers
The term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is
Signup and view all the answers
Which physiological trigger/s will result in the sensation of hunger?
Signup and view all the answers
A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of
Signup and view all the answers
A technique employed by some endurance athletes to increase their storage of muscle glycogen is
Signup and view all the answers
Carbohydrates contain
Signup and view all the answers
Fructose is also known as
Signup and view all the answers
In the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the muscles and
Signup and view all the answers
The term complex carbohydrates refers to
Signup and view all the answers
What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Nutrient Classes and Definitions
- Nutrients are categorized into six classes: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
- Proteins are the only nutrient class that contains nitrogen.
- Organic nutrients are defined as those that contain both carbon and hydrogen.
Vitamins and Minerals
- Vitamin C and the B vitamins are classified as water-soluble vitamins.
- Minerals are inorganic micronutrients essential for various bodily functions.
- Vitamins A, D, E, and K can be potentially toxic in excessive amounts.
- An example of an inorganic nutrient is calcium.
Energy Density and Fuel Sources
- Fats provide the highest energy density among nutrients.
- Carbohydrates serve as the primary energy source for the brain.
Nutrition Science
- Nutrition is a relatively young science, not dating back to the fourteenth century as often claimed.
- Excess dietary sodium is associated with hypertension in some individuals.
Dietary Deficiencies and Moderation
- Relying solely on dairy for protein can lead to deficiencies in zinc and iron.
- Including fiber is beneficial, but excessive intake may lead to nutrient loss, highlighting the importance of moderation.
- A balanced diet should include adequacy, balance, moderation, and variety.
Food Regulation and Labeling
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates food labeling.
- The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) oversees food labels for fresh meat and poultry.
- Meat is exempt from standard food labeling regulations.
- Folic acid content is not required on food labels.
Dietary Patterns
- The Mediterranean-style diet is characterized by higher fat content than traditional Western diets.
- Nutrient density refers to consuming foods with the highest nutrient content relative to calories.
Hunger and Appetite
- Appetite is influenced by environmental cues such as the aroma or taste of food.
- Hunger is defined as the physiological need for food, stimulated by low glucose levels.
Cellular Structure and Function
- Cell membranes are primarily made up of phospholipids.
- The nucleus contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the genetic material.
- Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell, generating most ATP.
Human Body Organization
- The human body is structured from smallest to largest: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems.
- Insulin and glucagon are pancreatic hormones that help regulate blood glucose levels.
Digestion and Carbohydrates
- Digestion is the process of breaking down foods into their component molecules.
- A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides bond together.
- Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and include simple sugars like glucose and fructose (also known as levulose).
- Major storage sites for glycogen are in the muscles and liver.
- Complex carbohydrates are referred to as polysaccharides.
Carbohydrate Loading
- Endurance athletes may use carbohydrate loading to enhance muscle glycogen storage prior to events.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the fundamental classes of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. This quiz also covers concepts like energy density, dietary deficiencies, and the basics of nutrition science. Test your understanding of how these nutrients function in the body.
