20 Questions
What is the main limitation of using urinary vitamin C concentration as a biomarker of overall vitamin C intake?
It cannot accurately reflect long-term vitamin C intake
Why does blood calcium have limited value as a marker of calcium status?
It is influenced by endogenous and exogenous sources of calcium
Which form of vitamin E shows a higher correlation with intake in adipose tissue?
γ-tocopherol
What is the main source of dietary vitamin D?
Fortified foods
Which micronutrient can be measured in erythrocytes and is highly correlated with plasma levels?
Vitamin E
Which biomarker can be used as a marker for fat intake?
Individual fatty acids
What is the key limitation of using 24-hour urinary nitrogen as a biomarker for protein intake?
It is not feasible to collect 24-hour urine samples
Why is there currently no biomarker for total carbohydrate intake?
Carbohydrates undergo extensive metabolism
Which nutrient's bioactive form can be measured in serum and plasma?
Vitamin A
What cannot be synthesised de novo by humans and can be used as a marker of intake for fat?
$\omega − 3$ (α-linoleic acid)
What can be used as a biomarker of overall vitamin C intake?
Plasma concentration of vitamin C
Which form of vitamin E is highly correlated with plasma vitamin E and can be measured in erythrocytes?
α-tocopherol
Which mineral status assessment shows significant but variable correlations between intake from dietary sources and plasma concentration?
Vitamin K status
What is commonly used as a measure of vitamin D status?
Plasma 25(OH)D level
What is the standard method for measuring urinary nitrogen?
Kjeldahl method
Which nutrient's intake shows a strong correlation with folic acid and folate in red blood cells, serum, and plasma?
Vitamin C
Which biomarker can be used as a predictor of total sugar intake?
Sum of urinary sucrose and fructose
Why is there currently no biomarker for total carbohydrate intake?
The complex nature of carbohydrates and their extensive metabolism make it challenging to identify a specific biomarker.
What is the bioactive form of vitamin A that can be measured in serum and plasma?
Retinol
Which specimen can be used to measure individual fatty acids as a biomarker of fat intake?
Blood
Explore the specific nutritional biomarkers and methods used in nutrition research, including macronutrient and energy intake assessment. Learn about the limitations and standard methods for evaluating protein intake, such as the Kjeldahl method and 24-hour urinary nitrogen collection.
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