Questions and Answers
What is the primary catalyst that inspires many young people to strive for unrealistic body shapes?
Societal pressures and media portrayals of the ideal body shape
What is the key distinction between having an eating disorder and practicing disordered eating?
Eating disorders are psychological disturbances that lead to abnormal physiological changes and dangerous health complications, whereas disordered eating is chaotic and abnormal food-related practices that are often temporary and situational.
What is the potential outcome when disordered eating behaviors become a lifestyle?
Disordered eating behaviors can lead to serious eating disorders.
What is a common reason why people may adopt disordered eating behaviors?
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What is the ultimate consequence of unrealistic societal beauty standards?
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What is the primary focus of this 'Nutrition Matters' section?
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What is the difference between the ideal female figure and the ideal male physique?
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What is the relationship between television shows and movies and body image?
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According to the DSM-5, how many major types of eating disorders can be diagnosed by physicians?
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What is a significant risk factor for eating disorders in adolescents?
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What is the likelihood of developing an eating disorder if a first-degree relative has anorexia nervosa?
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What often accompanies eating disorders?
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In which countries are eating disorders more prevalent?
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What type of occupations or activities increase the risk of developing an eating disorder?
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What percentage of adolescent girls developed an eating disorder in a long-term study?
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What is a common characteristic of individuals with eating disorders?
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What is the name of the disorder that is more likely to occur in adults?
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What is the term for the combination of eating disorders and other health issues commonly seen in athletes?
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What is a trigger that may contribute to the development of an eating disorder in an adolescent?
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What is a common health consequence of anorexia nervosa that can lead to mortality?
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How do parents influence the development of eating disorders in their children?
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What is a key characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN) that distinguishes it from other eating disorders?
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What is the percentage of people with anorexia nervosa who eventually die as a result of the disorder?
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What is a characteristic physical sign of bulimia nervosa?
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Why may men experience a delay in diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN)?
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What is lanugo, and why do people with anorexia nervosa (AN) often experience it?
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What is a common dental problem associated with bulimia nervosa?
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What is a psychological disorder often associated with bulimia nervosa?
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What is a common behavior exhibited by individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) to compensate for eating?
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How do people with anorexia nervosa (AN) often perceive their body weight, even when they are emaciated?
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What is the percentage of people with bulimia nervosa who die as a result of the disorder?
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What is a potential physical consequence of anorexia nervosa (AN)?
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What is a serious health risk associated with self-induced vomiting and diuretic abuse in bulimia nervosa?
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What percentage of American females are estimated to have anorexia nervosa (AN)?
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What is a common behavior exhibited by people with bulimia nervosa?
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What is the percentage of women with anorexia nervosa who eventually develop signs or symptoms of bulimia nervosa?
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Why is it essential for parents and caregivers to model healthy eating behaviors and express a positive attitude toward their own bodies?
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What is a common trigger for bingeing in people with bulimia nervosa?
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What is the common characteristic among individuals with muscle dysmorphia?
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What are the three interrelated components of the athlete triad?
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What percentage of female athletes are likely to have all three components of the athlete triad?
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What is the consequence of low energy availability on female reproductive system function?
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What is the consequence of the male athlete triad on bone mineral density?
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What type of athletes are at risk of developing the male athlete triad?
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What is the purpose of the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition?
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What is the relationship between low energy availability and menstrual cycles in female athletes?
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What is the long-term consequence of the athlete triad in female athletes?
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Why is it important to recognize the male athlete triad?
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What is a common characteristic of people with BN, and what other disorders are they more likely to have?
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What is the main difference between BED and other eating disorders?
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What are the common signs and symptoms of binge-eating disorder?
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What triggers a food binge in people with BED?
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What is night eating syndrome (NES), and how prevalent is it?
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What is diabulimia, and what are its potential complications?
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What is muscle dysmorphia, and who is it most common among?
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What is the age range when most eating disorders, including BED, typically begin?
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What is the difference between people with BED and those with AN or BN in terms of age?
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What percentage of adult American women and men have been diagnosed with binge-eating disorder?
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What are the primary goals of prevention efforts in addressing eating disorders?
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In what settings can treatment for eating disorders occur?
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What is the role of RDNs in treating eating disorders?
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What is the purpose of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating eating disorders?
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How can you approach someone you suspect has an eating disorder?
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Why is it important to encourage someone with an eating disorder to seek help early?
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What role do experts in nutrition play in eating disorder treatment?
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What is the benefit of participating in eating disorder support groups?
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What is the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in treating eating disorders?
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How can you express concerns to someone with an eating disorder without being judgmental?
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Study Notes
Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating
- Eating disorders are psychological disturbances that lead to abnormal physiological changes and dangerous health complications.
- Disordered eating is chaotic and abnormal food-related practices, such as skipping meals, limiting food choices, following fad diets, and bingeing on food.
- Disordered eating behaviors can become harmful and lead to serious eating disorders if adopted as a lifestyle.
Major Types of Eating Disorders
- Three main types of eating disorders: Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and Binge-Eating Disorder (BED).
- AN is characterized by self-imposed starvation that results in malnutrition and very low body weight.
- BN is characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging, such as self-induced vomiting, to prevent weight gain.
- BED is characterized by recurrent episodes of overeating that are not followed by purging behaviors.
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
- Being female
- Having a poor self-image
- Having low self-esteem and a perfectionist personality
- Being in a dysfunctional family environment
- Being teased about weight
- Being in an occupation or sport that emphasizes a lean body build
- Genetic and biological factors
- Psychological and personality factors
- National origin, income level, occupation, and lifestyle choices
Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
- Characterized by self-imposed starvation that results in malnutrition and very low body weight.
- Symptoms include distorted body image, excessive exercising, and severe restriction of food intake.
- Health consequences include severe constipation, slow heart rate, hypotension, loss of normal menstrual cycles, and low bone mineral density.
- Highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder, with 6% of people with AN eventually dying as a result of the disorder.
Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
- Characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging, such as self-induced vomiting, to prevent weight gain.
- Symptoms include binge eating, purging, and excessive exercising.
- Health consequences include erosion of tooth enamel, dental caries, and gastrointestinal problems.
- Associated with low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety disorders.
Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)
- Characterized by recurrent episodes of overeating that are not followed by purging behaviors.
- Symptoms include eating large amounts of food when not hungry, eating rapidly, and feeling guilty or ashamed after eating.
- Health consequences include obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
- Associated with depression, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders.
Other Unhealthy Eating Behaviors
- Night Eating Syndrome (NES): episodic food binges that occur at night or after the evening meal.
- Diabulimia: skipping insulin injections or using less insulin than prescribed to manipulate body weight.
- Muscle Dysmorphia: an unhealthy preoccupation with the body being too small or not muscular enough.
- The Athlete Triad: characterized by three interrelated components: low energy availability, abnormal reproductive system function, and reduced bone mineral density.### Athlete Triad
- Lack of estrogen during adolescence can lead to poor bone mineral density in female athletes, even after recovery from the triad.
- Premature osteoporosis is a serious and long-term consequence of the athlete triad.
Male Athlete Triad
- Male athletes may develop the male athlete triad, characterized by low energy availability, abnormal reproductive function, and reduced bone mineral density.
- Male athletes at risk of developing the triad include those who participate in sports that benefit from a lower body weight, such as distance runners and cyclists, and those who need to "make weight" to compete in a lower weight class, such as wrestlers and boxers.
- Normal testosterone levels are necessary for men to build and maintain bone mineral mass.
- Male athletes with low testosterone levels may have reduced bone mineral density, increasing their risk of bone fractures.
Preventing Eating Disorders
- Early identification of people with risk factors for eating disorders, such as disordered eating patterns and distorted body images, can help prevent the development of eating disorders.
- Prevention efforts focus on fostering body acceptance, improving self-confidence, and challenging the idea that being thin is ideal.
Treating Eating Disorders
- If someone has an eating disorder, it is important to encourage them to seek help as soon as possible to avoid serious health consequences.
- Treatment should include psychotherapy, addressing critical nutritional needs, and other medical conditions.
- Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) play a critical role in assessing and treating eating disorders, including providing nutritional counseling.
- Treatment can occur in inpatient, residential, or outpatient care settings, and may involve individual, group, or family counseling, as well as prescription medications.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a major treatment approach for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED).
- CBT teaches people healthy coping strategies to use when under stress instead of unhealthy behaviors.
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Description
This quiz covers the differences between eating disorders and disordered eating, types of eating disorders, risk factors, health consequences, and treatments. Learn about the athlete triad and its impact on adolescents and young adults.