Nutrition and Eating Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

An excellent source of fiber contains four grams or more per serving.

False (B)

Whole grain cereals should contain at least three grams of dietary fiber per serving.

True (A)

Eating disorders are only a concern for women and do not affect men.

False (B)

All cooking oils can be used interchangeably for all cooking purposes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Omega-3 fats can be produced by the body and do not need to be consumed through food.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extreme dieting is the only behavior associated with anorexia nervosa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peanuts and walnuts are considered good sources of fiber.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Canola oil is only a good source of monounsaturated fat.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A distorted body image is a common symptom of anorexia nervosa.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eating fish 2-3 times a week can help increase omega-3 fat intake.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eating disorders can coexist with other illnesses such as depression.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fruits and vegetables with edible skins and seeds are generally good fiber sources.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally low levels of glucose in the blood.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insulin helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels are too high.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eating an imbalanced diet can lead to hypoglycemia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of people diagnosed with diabetes in the US is projected to decrease by 2050.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes can lead to severe complications like kidney failure and blindness.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exercising less than usual can sometimes cause hypoglycemia.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Type 1 diabetes is one of the various types of diabetes recognized.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regular consumption of small amounts of red meat increases the risk of heart disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant-based protein sources contain high levels of cholesterol.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soluble fiber can lower blood cholesterol levels by interfering with bile acid production.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eating a high intake of dietary fiber is linked to a lower risk of heart disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cereal fiber refers exclusively to breakfast cereals found in supermarkets.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metabolic syndrome includes low levels of HDL cholesterol.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Replacing red meat with nuts and beans can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only animal-based foods provide sufficient dietary fiber for heart health.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A heart attack occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart muscle is completely blocked.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heart failure is defined as the heart pumping too effectively to meet the body's needs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Angina attacks can occur even when a person is resting or asleep.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Valve disease can lead to symptoms such as dizziness and chest pain.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tachycardia refers to the heart beating too slowly.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is itself a disease.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Congenital heart conditions are solely caused by nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protein is important for protecting against heart disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dry and yellowish skin is a symptom that may develop over time in individuals with eating disorders.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Severe anxiety is one of the primary treatment components for anorexia nervosa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hospitalization may be necessary for patients with eating disorders who are very underweight.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Binge-eating followed by extreme dieting is a behavior not associated with anorexia nervosa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with anorexia nervosa typically perceive themselves as overweight.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychotherapy is not an effective treatment for eating disorders.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fine body hair growth is a symptom that may develop over time in someone with an eating disorder.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weight control is a lesser concern for those suffering from anorexia nervosa.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by extreme thinness, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, and restricted eating. Individuals with this disorder may engage in binge-eating followed by purging behaviors like self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, or misuse of laxatives.

Binge Eating Disorder

A type of eating disorder that involves frequent episodes of consuming large amounts of food in a short time period, often accompanied by feelings of lack of control and guilt.

Eating Disorder

A general term for any eating disorder, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder.

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Distorted Body Image

Perceptions of body weight and shape that do not align with reality. Individuals may see themselves as overweight, even when they are clearly underweight.

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Red meat and heart disease

Red meat, especially processed red meat, is linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and death from cardiovascular disease.

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Plant-based protein and heart health

Replacing red meat with plant-based protein sources like beans, soy, nuts, fish, and poultry can reduce the risk of heart disease.

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Blood Glucose Regulation

The body's ability to maintain a stable blood glucose level, preventing it from becoming too high or too low.

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Soluble fiber and blood sugar

Soluble fiber, found in plant-based foods, helps slow digestion and prevent blood sugar spikes, which are risk factors for heart disease and diabetes.

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Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream.

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Diabetes Mellitus

A condition where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't use it properly, resulting in high blood sugar levels.

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Soluble fiber and cholesterol

Soluble fiber can bind to bile acids in the gut and excrete them, lowering blood cholesterol.

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Dietary fiber and heart health

Dietary fiber intake is associated with a lower risk of heart disease and death from cardiovascular disease.

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Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar levels, a common characteristic of all types of diabetes.

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Cereals and fiber

Cereals in this context refer to minimally refined whole grains like oats, quinoa, brown rice, and barley.

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Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar levels, which can occur due to skipping meals, eating an imbalanced diet, or exercising too intensely.

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Prediabetes

A condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be considered diabetes, often a precursor to type 2 diabetes.

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Fiber and metabolic syndrome

A high intake of fiber is linked to a lower risk of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of factors increasing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

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Diabetes Complications

A serious condition that can arise from uncontrolled diabetes, often involving damage to major organs like the eyes, kidneys, and nerves.

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Good sources of fiber

Good sources of dietary fiber include beans, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

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Gestational Diabetes

A type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, usually resolving after delivery.

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Osteoporosis

A condition where the bones become weak and brittle, often associated with eating disorders and insufficient intake of calcium.

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Binge Eating and Purging

Overeating followed by purging behavior, like vomiting, excessive exercise, or using laxatives, often associated with eating disorders and a feeling of lack of control.

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Psychotherapy (Talk Therapy)

A form of therapy that involves talking about one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, often used in the treatment of eating disorders to address underlying psychological issues.

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Nutritional Counseling

Professional guidance and support on healthy eating habits, meal planning, and nutrition education, often included in the treatment of eating disorders.

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Weight restoration

Restoring a person's weight to a healthy range.

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Treating Psychological Issues

Addressing the underlying psychological issues contributing to the eating disorder, such as body image concerns, low self-esteem, or perfectionism.

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Change Behaviors and Thoughts

Reducing or eliminating behaviors or thoughts that lead to insufficient eating, such as obsessive food rituals, restrictive diets, or purging behaviors.

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Unstable Angina

When the blood supply to the heart is severely restricted, causing frequent angina attacks even at rest or during sleep. These attacks can last up to 10 minutes and require urgent medical attention.

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Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

Occurs when the blood flow to part of the heart is completely blocked, often by a blood clot, damaging the heart muscle.

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Heart Failure

The heart's pumping ability weakens, failing to meet the body's need for blood and oxygen, resulting in fatigue and shortness of breath.

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Abnormal Heart Rhythms (Arrhythmia)

Disruptions in the heart's electrical system causing it to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly.

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Valve Disease

Problems with the heart valves, which regulate blood flow, can increase the heart's workload, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, swollen ankles, fatigue, chest pain, and dizziness.

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High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

High blood pressure, though not a disease itself, increases the risk of developing serious conditions like coronary heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes.

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Congenital Heart Conditions

Abnormalities or defects in the structure of the heart present at birth.

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Protein for Heart Health

Protein is important to protect the heart from disease. It helps maintain healthy blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and overall cardiovascular function.

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Fruits and Vegetables with Edible Components

Foods like apples, corn, and beans with edible skin, and berries with edible seeds.

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Good Sources of Fiber from Whole Grains

Whole grain pasta, cereals with at least 3 grams of fiber per serving, and bread with at least 3 grams of fiber per slice and whole grains as the first ingredient.

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Nuts: Fiber and Healthy Fats

Nuts like peanuts, walnuts, and almonds provide fiber and healthy fats, but should be consumed in moderation due to their high calorie content.

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Determining Good and Excellent Fiber Sources

Foods containing five grams or more of fiber per serving are excellent sources. Foods with 2.5 to 4.9 grams of fiber per serving are good sources.

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Monounsaturated Fats

Fats naturally occurring in olive, peanut, and canola oils, avocados, nuts like almonds, hazelnuts, and pecans, and seeds like pumpkin and sesame.

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Polyunsaturated Fats

Fats naturally occurring in sunflower, corn, soybean, and flaxseed oils, walnuts, flax seeds, fish, and canola oil.

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Omega-3 Fats

An essential type of polyunsaturated fat that the body cannot produce, obtained through food sources like fish, flax seeds, walnuts, and canola or soybean oil.

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Fat Variety in Foods

Different types of fat are found in various foods, with no single oil suitable for all cooking purposes.

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Study Notes

  • An eating disorder is an illness causing significant disturbances in eating habits, such as eating very little food or overeating.
  • Eating disorders can start with normal eating patterns and progress to extreme behaviors.
  • Body image concerns about weight or shape often accompany eating disorders.
  • Eating disorders usually appear during adolescence or young adulthood, but can also start during childhood or later in life.
  • Eating disorders affect both men and women.
  • They are treatable medical illnesses often coexisting with other conditions like depression or substance abuse.

Different Types of Eating Disorders

  • Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme thinness, unwillingness to maintain a healthy weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, and lack of menstruation in females.
  • Many people with anorexia nervosa see themselves as overweight, despite being underweight.
  • Eating, food, and weight control are common obsessions.
  • Other symptoms can include bone thinning, brittle hair/nails, dry skin, body hair growth, anemia, muscle weakness, constipation, low blood pressure, heart damage, brain damage, multi-organ failure, low body temperature, fatigue, and infertility.
  • Some people recover with treatment after one episode, while others experience relapses, or suffer a chronic form of the disorder.

Treating Eating Disorders

  • Adequate nutrition, reducing excessive exercise and stopping purging behaviors form the foundation of treatment for eating disorders.
  • Specific types of therapy (psychotherapy or talk therapy) and medication are often effective. However, chronic cases may need different or more tailored individual treatment.
  • Treatment generally includes individual, group, and/or family psychotherapy, medical care and monitoring, nutritional counseling and medications.
  • In severe cases, patients may require hospitalization to address malnutrition issues or to ensure proper nutrition if underweight.
  • Our cells depend on glucose, a simple sugar, for most of their energy.
  • The body regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream.
  • When you eat, carbohydrates convert to glucose, which is absorbed quickly into the bloodstream.
  • When blood sugar rises, the pancreas releases insulin, which guides cells to absorb glucose.
  • Without insulin, glucose remains in the blood.

Diabetes Mellitus

  • Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose levels, due to insufficient insulin production or the body's inability to properly utilize insulin.
  • Blood glucose levels increase after eating, but may remain elevated for hours if insulin production or use is impaired.
  • Type 1, type 2, gestational, and prediabetes are different types of diabetes.
  • Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, leg/foot loss, and cardiovascular diseases (e.g., heart attacks & strokes).
  • Heart disease is a collective term for many heart conditions that affect the heart's functioning.
  • Coronary heart disease occurs when coronary arteries narrow or become blocked, hindering blood supply to the heart.
  • Angina is chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart.
    • Stable angina occurs with predictable physical activity and may be alleviated with rest.
    • Unstable angina is unpredictable, frequent or worsened angina that may occur at rest or after minimal exertion.
    • A heart attack is a blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, resulting in damage.
  • Heart failure occurs when the heart's pumping action isn't strong enough to meet the body's blood and oxygen needs, leading to fatigue and shortness of breath.
  • Arrhythmias are irregular heartbeats.
  • Heart-related conditions can have a genetic predisposition or can worsen due to various factors (e.g. high blood pressure).

Nutritional Treatment to Protect from Heart Disease

  • Protein from some sources (e.g. red meat) may increase the risk of heart disease and stroke, especially processed red meat.
  • Replacing red meat with other protein sources (beans, soy, nuts, fish, poultry) may be helpful.
  • Higher intakes of fiber from cereals, fruits, vegetables or whole grains may reduce the risk of heart disease.
  • Unsaturated fats from plant sources reduce the risk of heart issues, as compared to saturated fats from animal sources.

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Description

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