28 Questions
Which of the following is NOT one of the components of the female athlete triad?
Overuse injuries
What does FATTOM stand for in the context provided?
Food, acidity, time, temperature, oxygen, moisture
What is the main characteristic of persistent organic pollutants?
They are resistant to degradation
What is the primary impact of nitrate ototoxins on individuals?
Muscle weakness and hearing impairment
Infant botulism can lead to which of the following symptoms?
Constipation and poor sucking
What is the defining characteristic of yeast as mentioned in the text?
Single-celled microorganism from the Fungi kingdom
During lactation, what nutrient do mothers need more of?
Iodine
How many different stages of milk does a mother produce during pregnancy?
Three
What indicates that a baby is well hydrated?
6 wet diapers per day
Why is getting enough healthy fats essential for toddlers?
For growth and development
Which two vitamins are commonly deficient in generally healthy children?
Iron and Vitamin D
What type of food is commonly associated with Salmonella infection?
Undercooked or raw meat and poultry products
Which of the following is not recommended for pregnant women to eat?
Raw eggs and egg products
Which agency is responsible for overseeing the safety of most foods in Canada?
CFIA
What is the appropriate weight gain for pregnancy, according to the text?
25-35 pounds
Why is some fish not recommended for pregnant women?
Fish that contain mercury
Which nutrient is primarily concerned in the growth and development of adolescents aged 9-13?
Calcium
Which age group is most at risk for growth-related malnutrition due to dental health issues?
Older adults
What hormone inhibits the activity of osteoclasts, cells that break down bone?
Calcitonin
Which age group should increase their intake of Vitamin B12?
Older adults
Which class of BMI would Chris fall into if his BMI is 35?
Obese
What is the recommended daily exercise duration for young children aged 4-8?
60 minutes
Which B vitamin is also known as Cobalamin?
B12 (Cobalamin)
What class of obesity is a BMI equal to or greater than 40.0?
Class 3 (high-risk) obesity
When does lactic acid production occur in the body?
When the body breaks down carbohydrates for energy during low oxygen levels
What is the primary factor that affects BMR?
Body size
What is carb loading and why is it used by endurance athletes?
Consuming large amounts of carbohydrates before an event to maximize glycogen stores
How long can muscles remain active using ATP as an energy source?
For a few seconds
Study Notes
Nutrition and Health
- Infants should not consume honey until they are at least 1 year old due to the risk of infant botulism.
- Salmonella is commonly found in contaminated food, such as raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products, as well as raw fruits and vegetables.
Pregnancy and Lactation
- Women should gain between 25-35 pounds (11.5-16 kg) during pregnancy.
- Eating fish with high mercury levels during pregnancy can cause brain damage and affect the baby's hearing and vision.
- Overweight and obese women are more likely to exceed weight gain recommendations during pregnancy.
- BMI affects weight gain during pregnancy, with overweight and obese women being more likely to exceed recommendations.
- A mother's need for iodine and choline increases during lactation.
- Breast milk has three stages: colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk.
Growth and Development
- Children should get at least 60 minutes of exercise per day.
- Toddlers (1-3 years) need iron and calcium primarily.
- Children (4-8 years) grow at a rate of 5-10 cm per year.
- Adolescents (9-13 years) grow slowly and steadily, with girls growing 5-25 cm and boys growing 10-30 cm during puberty.
- Adolescents require calcium, iron, vitamins A and D, and other micronutrients.
Weight and Body Mass Index (BMI)
- BMI classes are: overweight (25.0-29.9), class 1 obesity (30.0-34.9), class 2 obesity (35.0-39.9), and class 3 obesity (≥40.0).
- A safe amount of weight to gain or lose in one week is 1-2 pounds.
Energy and Nutrition
- Carbohydrate loading is a strategy used by endurance athletes to maximize glycogen storage.
- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) provides energy for muscles, which can remain active for seconds to minutes depending on factors like energy sources and fitness level.
- Factors that affect Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) include body size, lean muscle tissue, and body fat.
- Calcitonin regulates calcium levels in the blood, not bones.
Vitamins and Minerals
- The B vitamins include: Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pantothenic Acid (B5), Pyridoxine (B6), Biotin (B7), Folate or Folic Acid (B9), and Cobalamin (B12).
- Vitamin K is essential for coagulation.
- Toddlers often lack iron and vitamin D.
Pathogens and Toxins
- A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in its host.
- Yeast is a single-celled microorganism that is a member of the Fungi kingdom.
- FATTOM stands for Food, Acidity, Time, Temperature, Oxygen, and Moisture, which are factors that affect the growth of microorganisms.
- Persistent organic pollutants are resistant to degradation and can cause harm.
- Nitrate ototoxins can cause ear poisoning and impair hearing and balance.
Prepare for your nutrition final exam by reviewing B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) and understanding BMI classifications. Learn about B vitamin deficiencies, the role of Vitamin K in coagulation, and the different classes of BMI including overweight and obesity.
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