Nutrition final review.docx

Nutrition final review Know the B vitamins- B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B5 (Pantothenic Acid), B6 (Pyridoxine), B7 (Biotin), B9 (Folate or Folic Acid), B12 (Cobalamin) B Vitamin deficiency = Beriberi Vitamin K = Coagulation What is BMI = Body Mass Index Classes of BMI Overweight (no...

Nutrition final review Know the B vitamins- B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B5 (Pantothenic Acid), B6 (Pyridoxine), B7 (Biotin), B9 (Folate or Folic Acid), B12 (Cobalamin) B Vitamin deficiency = Beriberi Vitamin K = Coagulation What is BMI = Body Mass Index Classes of BMI Overweight (not obese), if BMI is 25.0 to 29.9. Class 1 (low-risk) obesity, if BMI is 30.0 to 34.9. Class 2 (moderate-risk) obesity, if BMI is 35.0 to 39.9. Class 3 (high-risk) obesity, if BMI is equal to or greater than 40.0. How to majority of people gain weight = A high energy intake or an energy intake that is not adjusted downward with declining physical activity or age-related decreases in lean body mass How much is a safe amount of weight to gain or lose in one week? = 1 to 2 pounds per week What is lacid acid, and when does it occur = Lactic acid is mainly produced in muscle cells and red blood cells. It forms when the body breaks down carbohydrates to use for energy when oxygen levels are low Factors that effect BMR = Body size, amount of lean muscle tissue, amount of body fat What is carb loading = Is a strategy used by endurance athletes, such as marathoners and triathletes, to maximize the storage of glycogen in the muscles and liver ATP, how long can you keep muscle active for = Adenosine Triphosphate, the duration for which muscles can remain active depends on factors like energy sources (immediate, anaerobic, aerobic), type of activity, fitness level, and muscle endurance. Muscles can sustain high-intensity activity for seconds to minutes using different energy systems before fatigue sets in. What is the female triade referring too and the risk factors = The female athlete triad (the triad) refers to a constellation of 3 clinical entities: menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability (with or without an eating disorder), and decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Risk factors include: period problems, stress fractures, overuse injuries, weight loss, or a low BMI What does FATTOM stand for = Food, acidity, time, temperature, oxygen, and moisture. What is a pathogen = A pathogen is defined as an organism causing disease to its host What is yeast = Yeast is a single-celled microorganism that is a member of the Fungi kingdom What is a persistent organic polluter = Persistent organic pollutants are organic compounds that are resistant to degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes What is nitrate ototoxins = Ototoxicity is ear poisoning which results from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear, often impairing hearing and balance Why cant kids eat honey until later = Infant botulism can cause muscle weakness, with signs like poor sucking, a weak cry, constipation, and decreased muscle tone (floppiness). Kids cant eat until 1 year of life Where is salmonella most common = People commonly get infected with Salmonella by eating contaminated food, such as: raw or undercooked meat and poultry products, raw or undercooked eggs and egg products, raw or unpasteurized milk and other dairy products; and, raw fruits and vegetables. What is MSG = Monosodium glutamate Agency that overseas safety of most foods = The CFIA Appropiate weight gain for pregnancy = Most women should gain somewhere between 25 and 35 pounds (11.5 to 16 kilograms) during pregnancy Why is some fish not recommended in pregnancy = By eating fish that contain mercury, you can pass the metal to your baby during pregnancy. This can cause brain damage and affect your baby's hearing and vision BMI before and after pregnancy = Overweight and obese women are two to six times more likely to exceed the weight gain recommendations during pregnancy21-23 than other BMI groups. These women are also predisposed to higher postpartum weight gain and retention after pregnancy What nutrient do you need more of during lactatation = A mother's need for iodine and choline increases during lactation Know the different types of milk a mother produces during pregnancy = Breast milk has three different and distinct stages: colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk How many diapers are sufficient for fluid intake = Your baby is well hydrated if they have at least 6 wet diapers per day Why do we need fat in toddlers = Getting enough healthy fats is essential for growth and development What vitamins do toddlers lack = It has been reported that the 2 most common deficiencies seen in generally healthy children are iron and vitamin D What is calcetonin = Calcitonin's main job is to lower calcium levels in your blood (not your bones). It does this in two main ways: Calcitonin inhibits (blocks) the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone Who gets dehydrated = Infants and older adults 2 factors for malnutrition in older adults = Some prescription medications can alter nutrient absorption or decrease appetite, dental health issues may cause older adults to avoid meats, firm fruits, and vegetables Children should get 60 minutes of exercise per day Toddlers, age 1-3 need iron and calcium mainly For young children, age 4-8 growth rate is 5-10cm per year In adolescents, age 9-13 growth is slow and steady, girls grow 5-25cm and boys grow 10-30cm during puberty In adolescents, micronutrients of concern are calcium, iron, vitamins A and D Older adults, calcium and vitamin D should increase due to poor calcium absorption In older adults, an increase in Vitamin B12 Geriatric weight loss influences = depression, prescription medication Know the classes of BMI, the numbers “If Chris has a BMI of 35, where would he sit on the graph?” Carb load? Who likes to carb load = athletes Know the FIT principle = frequency, intensity, time Know what FATTOM stands for = food, acid, time, temp, O2, moisture Persistent organic polluter Bacteria in honey = kids cant eat until 1 year of life Appropriate weight gain in pregnancy Why are some fish not recommended in pregnancy Micronutrients 50% increase in pregnancy = Prolactin vs oxytocin Foremilk vs hindmilk (know the different milks) Why do we need fat in toddlers Who is at risk for dehydration What is calcition Malnutrition in older adults