Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended nursing duration at each breast for an infant?

20 to 25 minutes

10 to 15 minutes (correct)

5 to 10 minutes

15 to 20 minutes

During growth spurts, how does an infant's nursing frequency change?

It becomes sporadic and unpredictable.

It decreases significantly.

It remains the same as usual.

It increases to meet nutrient needs. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT an indicator that an infant is receiving sufficient nutrition from breastfeeding?

Normal growth rates

One or two mustard-colored bowel movements daily

Six or more wet diapers a day

Breast staying full after nursing (correct)

What is one benefit of breastfeeding for mothers after delivery?

Accelerated return to prepregnancy weight Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about bottle feeding is true?

Cuddling the infant during feeding helps prevent middle ear infections. Signup and view all the answers

What should never be done to warm expressed breast milk?

Use a microwave. Signup and view all the answers

Why might some mothers choose to bottle feed instead of breastfeeding?

They find bottle feeding more convenient due to employment. Signup and view all the answers

What correlation has research shown related to breastfeeding?

Decreased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended portion size for preschool children based on their age?

1 tablespoon for each year of age Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid excessive milk consumption in young children?

It can crowd out iron-rich foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of consuming iron-rich foods with vitamin C-rich foods?

To provide sufficient iron Signup and view all the answers

What should an athlete avoid to prevent dehydration while trying to make weight?

Refusing liquids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can potentially cause choking in children under 4 years of age?

Peanuts Signup and view all the answers

How often should children have a snack to maintain their energy levels?

Every 2 to 3 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to be the composition of the pregame meal?

Primarily carbohydrates with small amounts of protein and fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended calorie increase to gain 1 pound of muscle mass?

2,500 calories Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a child's eating can be negatively affected by forcing them to eat?

Future eating habits Signup and view all the answers

What practice is associated with glycogen loading?

Eating mostly protein and fat initially before increasing carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the caloric requirement per pound of body weight begin to decrease steadily until about 10 years of age?

1 year old Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of low-fat or fat-free milk for young children?

2 to 3 cups Signup and view all the answers

What should an athlete do 3 hours prior to a competition?

Eat a balanced meal primarily of carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What eating behavior might indicate that a child is experiencing a 'food jag'?

Consuming only one or two specific foods Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about power drinks or energy drinks?

They mostly contain sugar and empty calories Signup and view all the answers

Why should steroid drugs be avoided by athletes?

They can lead to serious health issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of daily physical activity for children?

60 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is not recommended as a form of physical activity for children?

Playing video games Signup and view all the answers

What should parents do to limit sedentary time for their children?

Remove TV sets from children's bedrooms Signup and view all the answers

How should parents respond to a child's request for food when they feel they are too fat?

Encourage them to eat healthier options Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested method for a child to drink juice without excess calories?

Mix juice with water Signup and view all the answers

Why is sitting at the table and consuming food mindfully encouraged?

It takes 20 minutes for the brain to register fullness Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy can help a child enjoy a calorie-dense snack while managing portion sizes?

Set a timer to make the snack last longer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for learning to measure food portions?

To develop accurate serving sizes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common nutritional requirement for women during their childbearing years?

Higher iron intake Signup and view all the answers

At what age does bone loss typically begin?

35 to 40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily protein requirement for healthy adults?

0.8 gram per kilogram of body weight Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is essential for strong bones?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to weight gain in young to middle adulthood?

Increased appetite and food intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of calcium for adults aged 19 to 50?

1,000 mg Signup and view all the answers

Which supplement is suggested to be taken daily to help maintain bone health?

Calcium supplement Signup and view all the answers

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) most commonly affects which part of the body?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended amount of water that infants need per calorie?

1.5 ml Signup and view all the answers

At what age do pediatricians typically start infants on iron-fortified cereal?

6 months Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin do breastfed infants typically need as a supplement if they are not regularly exposed to sunlight?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of breastfeeding compared to formula feeding?

Breast milk provides temporary immunity to infections. Signup and view all the answers

Why is excessive consumption of vitamins A or D harmful to infants?

They can damage organs and systems. Signup and view all the answers

What nutritional aspect is true about breast milk compared to infant formula?

It has a lower protein content. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding stated in the content?

It has a high caloric value. Signup and view all the answers

What additional supplement might pediatricians prescribe for infants in low fluoride areas?

Fluoride Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation

Good nutrition is essential for both mother and child during pregnancy (38-40 weeks)
Pregnant women need additional nutrients and calories for the fetus, placenta, and increased bodily tissues.
A nutritious diet before pregnancy improves the likelihood of a healthy infant.
Maternal malnutrition can cause decreased fetal growth and mental retardation.
Low birth weight infants (under 5.5 pounds) have a higher mortality rate.
Average weight gain during pregnancy is 25-35 pounds, with adjustments based on body weight.
Weight gain can range from 2-4 pounds in the first trimester to 1 pound per week in the latter trimesters.
Overweight women should aim for less weight gain (over than 15 pounds) than average women to maintain health.

Nutritional Needs

Couples should consult their physician before pregnancy to discuss health concerns and dietary changes.
Folic acid supplements are recommended monthly prior to conception.
Folic acid supplementation before and during the first trimester is linked to reduced neural tube defects in infants.
Lifestyle factors like smoking, illegal drugs, and alcohol use negatively impact embryonic development.
Increased protein requirement during pregnancy is prominent.

Concerns During Pregnancy

Nausea or morning sickness is common during the first trimester.
Strategies include dry crackers, frequent small meals, avoiding offensive odors, and avoiding liquids at mealtime.
Constipation and hemorrhoids can be relieved by dietary fiber, exercise, and drinking plenty of fluids.
Heartburn can result from progesterone and fetal growth.
Excessive weight gain necessitates dietary re-evaluation and the elimination of excessive calories, especially from sweets and sugary drinks.

Special Considerations

Anemia is an insufficiency of red blood cells.
Iron deficiency is the most common type during pregnancy.
Increased need for iron due to the expansion of blood volume.
Folate deficiency can result in megaloblastic anemia, characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells.
Alcohol, caffeine, and drugs can negatively impact fetal development.
Tobacco use is linked to reduced birth weight and various complications in infants.
PICA – The craving for non-food substances.
Consult a healthcare professional for guidance and monitoring.

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Description

This quiz explores the essential nutritional needs and guidelines for women during pregnancy and lactation. It covers the importance of nutrient intake, recommended weight gain, and the impact of malnutrition on fetal development. Understanding these concepts is crucial for ensuring the health of both mother and child.