Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the recommended folate intake during pregnancy?
What is the recommended folate intake during pregnancy?
Pregnant women should eat twice as much as they did before pregnancy.
Pregnant women should eat twice as much as they did before pregnancy.
False (B)
What percentage of weight gain during pregnancy is attributed to the infant?
What percentage of weight gain during pregnancy is attributed to the infant?
25%
During the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, it is recommended that pregnant women increase their _______ intake by 25 g.
During the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, it is recommended that pregnant women increase their _______ intake by 25 g.
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Match the following trimesters with their recommended weight gain:
Match the following trimesters with their recommended weight gain:
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What is the recommended daily intake of folic acid during pregnancy?
What is the recommended daily intake of folic acid during pregnancy?
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Calcium absorption increases by 50% during pregnancy.
Calcium absorption increases by 50% during pregnancy.
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What is the weight range for normal birth weight?
What is the weight range for normal birth weight?
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Pregnant women should aim to gain _____ kg (lbs) for a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnant women should aim to gain _____ kg (lbs) for a healthy pregnancy.
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Match the following micronutrients with their significance during pregnancy:
Match the following micronutrients with their significance during pregnancy:
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Flashcards
Folic acid during pregnancy
Folic acid during pregnancy
A crucial B vitamin, 400ug needed daily before and during pregnancy for a healthy pregnancy and preventing birth defects
Pregnancy weight gain guidelines
Pregnancy weight gain guidelines
Healthy pre-pregnancy weight (BMI): 11-16 kg (25-35lbs) for overall health. Gain 2-4lbs in trimester 1, 1lb/week in 2nd & 3rd trimesters.
Pregnancy calorie needs
Pregnancy calorie needs
Energy needs similar in 1st trimester, 2-3 additional servings recommended in 2nd & 3rd trimesters for the growing fetus and mother.
Protein needs in pregnancy
Protein needs in pregnancy
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Key Nutrients in pregnancy
Key Nutrients in pregnancy
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Pregnancy water needs
Pregnancy water needs
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Folic acid & pregnancy
Folic acid & pregnancy
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Calcium & vitamin D during pregnancy
Calcium & vitamin D during pregnancy
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Iron during pregnancy
Iron during pregnancy
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Recommended exercise during pregnancy
Recommended exercise during pregnancy
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Study Notes
Nutritional Considerations (Lifecycle)
- Nutritional needs change based on life stage (age, physiological condition, etc.)
- Pregnancy nutritional care starts before conception
- Healthy eating during pregnancy reduces risk of diseases in the child
- Eating patterns (undernourished or unhealthy patterns) increase risk of chronic diseases
- Pregnancy complications (childbirth, C-section, BP, gestational diabetes)
- Fertility and nutrition (male and female)
- Key supplement needed during pregnancy and before conception- FOLATE (folic acid supplements – 400ug daily)
- Meeting needs for lactating mothers post-pregnancy
- Maternal changes during pregnancy: blood volume increases by 50%, placenta develops (transfer nutrients), fat increases for energy, uterus enlarges, breasts develop (lactation)
- Normal pregnancy weight gain is 11-16 kg (25-35 lbs)
- 2-4lbs in 1st trimester, 1lb/week in 2nd and 3rd trimester
- 75% of pregnancy weight gain is from tissues, fluids, and stores
- Eating for two: Pregnant women don't need to eat twice as much
- Health Canada recommends 2-3 servings per day
- 1st trimester: Energy needs similar to non-pregnant levels (Calories)
- 2nd and 3rd trimesters need 2-3 more servings of food
- Protein: increase by 25g (increase from 0.8/kg/d to 1.1g/kg/day)
- Fibre: additional 3-5g per day
- Fats: include essential fatty acids and long-chain PUFAs (linoleic acid, alpha linolenic acid, DHA, and arachidonic acid) – from fish, nuts, seeds, olive oil, eggs
- Additional Micronutrient needs: Folate & Vitamin B12 for proper spinal cord development and preventing anemia
- Folic acid supplements should provide 400ug daily; Vegans need B12 supplements
- Calcium & Vitamin D absorption doubles during pregnancy: increase servings of dairy ( 3-4 servings per day). Lactase intolerant women need specific guidance
- Iron requirements increase by 50% (27mg/day)
- Zinc requirements are high and absorption inhibited by high intake of Fe
- Well-planned diet is important for vegetarians and vegans
- Moderate activity (30 minutes/day) during pregnancy benefits digestion, mood, stress reduction and preventing excess weight gain; speeding recovery from child birth
- If inactive before pregnancy, start slowly after childbirth
- Common issues in pregnancy include weight gain, hyperemesis gravidarum (morning sickness), dehydration/electrolyte imbalance, weight loss, adolescent pregnancy nutrient needs, socio economic issues, gestational diabetes, risks of bigger babies, risks of childhood obesity
- Low BW (< 2.5 kg or 5.5 lbs) has birth complications or is associated with diseases and death
- Normal BW (3-4 kg or 6.5-9 lbs).
- High BW (>4 kg or 9 lbs) associated with difficult birth, mom and child complications, or Cesarean section
- Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (may be exceptions)
- All breastfed infants-Vit. D supplement of 400IU.
- Continue breastfeeding as long as it continues
- A baby's birth weight doubles by four months and triples by one year, and energy needs for the first year is 100kcal/kg/day (6 months basal rate is high and then decreased by 7-12 months as activity increases)
- Height, weight, and head circumference as standard guidelines
- Mom's nutritional requirements breastfeeding include milk production 750-1L/day, water intake increasing at least 1L more than pre-pregnancy, energy expenditure increasing 700-800 kcal/day, recommended pre-pregnancy intake + 500kcal, weight loss is 200kcal/day deficit
Geriatric Nutrition
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Diet & exercise to maintain muscle mass (fat mass ↑ as age ↑), healthy, active, healthy life expectancy
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Low Body mass (LBM) and Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and activity decrease with age
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Energy needs generally decrease with age (50+)
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Micronutrient needs may remain the same or increase
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Vitamins such as Vit. D, B12, folate, Ca and Iron are important as well as adequate fiber
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Fluid needs remain constant (risk of dehydration)
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Increased risk of malnutrition (undernutrition, sarcopenic obesity) based on physiological changes in the body.
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Physiological changes could be decline in muscle size and strength, frailty, mobility, endurance, risks of falls
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Acute & chronic/acute illnesses (kidney disease, BP, heart disease)
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Decreased nutrient intake, impaired immune function, increased illness and increased use and access to medication can cause malnutrition in later adulthood.
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Physical changes, difficulty accessing/preparing food, loneliness, low income, confusion/depression, poor appetite, alcohol use/abuse, and institutionalization complicate nutrition needs in the elderly
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Keeping active, involved in community, maintaining muscle mass, function and mental health, individualized care and respecting dignity in the elderly is important for quality of life
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Description
This quiz covers crucial nutritional needs throughout different life stages, with a focus on pregnancy. Learn about the importance of healthy eating for maternal health, the role of supplements like folate, and maternal changes during this critical period. Understand how nutrition impacts fertility and post-pregnancy care.
