Water Soluble Vitamins: B12 and B3
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Vitamin C in the body?

  • Stimulating growth
  • Acting as a coenzyme
  • Essential for proper collagen formation (correct)
  • Producing energy

    • What is the primary cause of Kwashiorkor?

  • Vitamin C deficiency
  • Deficiency of proteins in diet (correct)
  • Excessive energy intake
  • Lack of carbohydrates in diet

    • What is a characteristic symptom of scurvy?

  • Bleeding in mucus membranes (correct)
  • Enlarged liver
  • Edema
  • Moon face

    • What is the definition of malnutrition?

    <p>A disorder due to lack of adequate balanced diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Marasmus?

    <p>A chronic deficiency in total energy intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of secondary malnutrition?

    <p>A decrease in absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of obesity?

    <p>Excessive energy intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by a lack of Vitamin B12?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vitamin A in the body?

    <p>Vision in dim light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of vitamin D deficiency in infants?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins?

    <p>They can be stored in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vitamin E in the diet?

    <p>Vegetable oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of vitamin A deficiency in the eyes?

    <p>Xerophthalmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is an antioxidant?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vitamin K in the body?

    <p>Promoting clotting and maintaining prothrombin level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vitamin B1 (thiamine)?

    <p>Whole grain cereals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a severe deficiency of vitamin B1?

    <p>Beriberi, characterized by loss of attention and cardiac symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vitamin B2 (riboflavin)?

    <p>Functioning in both carbohydrate and protein metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)?

    <p>Liver, meat, fish, and cereal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a severe deficiency of vitamin B6?

    <p>Convulsion and irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intestinal bacteria in vitamin K synthesis?

    <p>They synthesize vitamin K in the intestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin K?

    <p>Hypoprothrombinaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Soluble Vitamins

    • Vit B12 (cyanocobalamine) has a growth-stimulating effect and is found in whole grain cereals, liver, and produced by some microorganisms.
    • Vit B3 (niacin) acts as a coenzyme and is found in whole grain cereals, excluding maize; its deficiency leads to pellagra (glossitis, gastrointestinal disturbance, and skin lesions).
    • Vit C (ascorbic acid) is a constituent of all cells, essential for proper collagen formation, and required for normal wound healing; its deficiency leads to scurvy (bleeding in mucus membranes, bone and teeth).

    Malnutrition

    • Malnutrition is a disorder due to lack of adequate balanced diet; it can be primary (failure to eat a normal diet) or secondary (increased diet requirements, decreased absorption, or metabolic abnormality).
    • Protein or energy malnutrition can lead to Kwashiorkor (protein deficiency) or Marasmus (chronic deficiency in total energy intake).

    Kwashiorkor

    • Symptoms include edema (moon face), ascites, and enlarged liver.

    Marasmus

    • Chronic deficiency in total energy intake results in starvation and underweight.

    Vitamins

    • Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for correct growth and health.
    • They are divided into two groups: fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble (B group and C).

    Fat Soluble Vitamins

    • Vit A is necessary for vision in dim light and is found in animal fats, liver, eggs, fish-liver oils, and yellow plants; its deficiency leads to night blindness, xerophthalmia, and hyperkeratosis.
    • Vit D controls the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bones and is found in exposure to direct sunlight, cod-liver oils, and synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract; its deficiency leads to rickets in infants and osteomalacia in adults.
    • Vit E is an antioxidant, necessary for fertility, and is found in vegetable oils; its deficiency leads to habitual abortion, sterility, and menstrual disorders.
    • Vit K is necessary for maintaining prothrombin levels and promoting clotting; it is synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract and found in many vegetables; its deficiency leads to hypoprothrombinaemia in newborns.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the functions and sources of water-soluble vitamins B12 and B3, including their effects on health and deficiency diseases.

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