Nutrition Chapter 2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is undernutrition?

A state of inadequate nutrition (correct)

A state of adequate nutrition

A state of excessive nutrition

A state of having balanced nutrition

Malnourished refers to the long-term outcome of consuming a diet that meets nutrient needs.

False

What is overnutrition?

A state of excess nutrients and calories in the diet

What are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

Reference values for essential nutrients needed to maintain good health Signup and view all the answers

What does Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) refer to?

The average nutrient needed for 50% of individuals in an age and gender group Signup and view all the answers

What does Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) represent?

The average amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 97-98% of individuals in a group Signup and view all the answers

What is Adequate Intake (AI)?

Approximate amount of a nutrient that groups of similar individuals are consuming Signup and view all the answers

What does Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) mean?

The highest amount of a nutrient that can be consumed daily without harm Signup and view all the answers

What is toxicity?

Level at which exposure to a substance becomes harmful Signup and view all the answers

What does Acceptable Macro-nutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) refer to?

Healthy range of intakes for energy-containing nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)?

Amount of daily energy needed to maintain healthy body weight Signup and view all the answers

What are food guidance systems?

Visual diagrams providing food recommendations Signup and view all the answers

What is MyPlate?

A tool depicting food groups using a mealtime visual Signup and view all the answers

What does proportionality in nutrition refer to?

The relationship of one food group to another in a diet Signup and view all the answers

What is nutrient density?

The amount of nutrients per calorie in a food Signup and view all the answers

What is energy density?

A measurement of calories in food compared to its weight or volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the Nutrition Facts Panel?

Area on the food label that lists specific nutrients per serving Signup and view all the answers

What are Daily Values (DV)?

Established reference levels of nutrients based on a 2,000 calorie diet Signup and view all the answers

What are nutrient content claims?

Claims on labels that describe the level of a nutrient in a food product Signup and view all the answers

What are health claims?

Claims that describe the relationship between a food and a health condition Signup and view all the answers

What are structure/function claims?

Claims describing how a nutrient affects the body Signup and view all the answers

What are functional foods?

Foods that have a positive effect on health beyond basic nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What are phytochemicals?

Plant chemicals that can reduce disease risk Signup and view all the answers

What are zoochemicals?

Compounds in animal food products beneficial to human health Signup and view all the answers

What does adequacy mean in nutrition?

Providing all essential nutrients and energy to maintain health Signup and view all the answers

What is balance (proportionality) in nutrition?

Providing food groups in proportion to each other Signup and view all the answers

What does calorie control (weight management) refer to?

Control of energy intake to encourage healthy weight Signup and view all the answers

What does energy (calorie) density imply?

Consuming reasonable amounts of nutrients for many calories Signup and view all the answers

What are exchange systems?

Diet planning tools grouping foods by calories and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nutrition terms with their definitions:

Nutrient density = The amount of nutrients per calorie in a food Moderation = Providing foods within set limits Variety = Providing a wide selection of foods from each food group Malnutrition = Any condition caused by excessive or deficient nutrient intake Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Undernutrition and Malnutrition

Undernutrition results from insufficient nutrient or caloric intake, leading to health complications.
Malnutrition refers to long-term dietary insufficiencies impacting health negatively.

Overnutrition

Overnutrition constitutes excessive nutrient and caloric intake, potentially leading to health issues.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

DRIs are established reference values for essential nutrients aimed at promoting health and preventing diseases.

Nutrient Requirements

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the nutrient level meeting the needs of 50% of individuals in a demographic group.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) provides for 97-98% of individuals, ensuring higher safety than EAR.
Adequate Intake (AI) estimates nutrient intake levels sufficient for good health when RDA cannot be determined.
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) defines the maximum daily nutrient intake without adverse effects.

Toxicity and Energy Needs

Toxicity denotes harmful levels of substance exposure.
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) calculates necessary daily energy for maintaining healthy body weight based on various individual factors.

Food Guidance Systems and MyPlate

Food guidance systems visually represent dietary recommendations for balanced nutrition.
MyPlate is a visual tool advocating for balanced meals based on the USDA guidelines, illustrating appropriate food group proportions.

Proportionality and Nutrient Density

Proportionality emphasizes consuming more vegetables and fruits compared to dairy and proteins.
Nutrient density refers to nutrient-rich foods providing more benefits per calorie than lower density options.

Energy Density

Energy density compares calorie content to food weight or volume, often guiding food choices.

Nutrition Labeling

Nutrition Facts Panel displays uniform nutrient information per serving for consumer awareness.
Daily Values (DV) are established references used on food labels based on a 2,000-calorie diet.
Nutrient content claims highlight specific nutrient levels in food products.
Health claims connect dietary compounds to disease risk, while structure/function claims describe impacts on body functions.

Functional Foods and Bioactive Compounds

Functional foods offer health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Phytochemicals are plant-sourced compounds reducing disease risk (e.g., beta carotene).
Zoochemicals come from animal products and provide health benefits, such as omega-3 fatty acids.

Key Dietary Characteristics

Adequacy ensures sufficient essential nutrient intake to support health.
Balance involves consuming various food groups proportionately to avoid nutritional imbalances.
Calorie control encourages appropriate weight management and growth.
Variety promotes a broad selection of foods from each group for optimal nutrition.
Moderation involves keeping food portions and substances within sensible limits.

Exchange Systems

Exchange systems categorize foods based on their calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and fat content to assist with diet planning.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on key terms related to nutrition with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential concepts such as undernutrition, malnourished, and overnutrition, as well as Dietary Reference Intakes. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning in nutrition topics.