Nutrition Chapter 11 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the nutritional status?

  • Loss of appetite
  • State or condition of one's nutrition (correct)
  • State of good nutrition
  • High blood pressure

    • What is hypertension?

    High blood pressure

    What is malnutrition?

    State of poor nutrition caused by diet or illness

    What are carbohydrates?

    <p>Commonly called starches or sugars, major source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cholesterol?

    <p>Fatty substance found in body cells and animal fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is protein?

    <p>Essential nutrients that build and repair tissue and provide heat or energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is digestion?

    <p>Process of breaking down food into smaller parts and changing it chemically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absorption?

    <p>Process where blood capillaries pick up digested nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anorexia?

    <p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a therapeutic diet?

    <p>Modifications of normal diet to improve specific health conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four immediate effects of good nutrition?

    <p>Healthy appearance (A), High energy level (B), Good attitude (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osteoporosis?

    <p>A condition in which bones become porous and break easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cellulose?

    <p>Fibrous indigestible form of carbohydrate that provides bulk in the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four functions of fat?

    <p>Cushions organs and bones (A), Provides energy (C), Aids in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated fats are solid at room temperature.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unsaturated fats are hard at room temperature.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are four examples of saturated fats?

    <p>Butter (A), Eggs (B), Cream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are four examples of polyunsaturated fats?

    <p>Vegetable oil (C), Fish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three functions of proteins?

    <p>Provide heat and energy (A), Help produce antibodies (B), Build and repair tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are complete proteins?

    <p>Contain nine amino acids essential to life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are incomplete proteins?

    <p>Contain any of the remaining amino acids out of the twenty-two and some combination of some of the nine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are water-soluble vitamins?

    <p>Vitamins that dissolve in water and are easily destroyed by cooking, air, and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fat-soluble vitamins?

    <p>Vitamins that dissolve in fat and are not easily destroyed by cooking, air, and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) aid in?

    <p>Wound healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Vitamin K?

    <p>Normal clotting of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vitamin B (12) (cobalamin) promote?

    <p>Production of healthy red blood cells and metabolism of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vitamin D (calciferol) promote?

    <p>Builds and maintains bone and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Riboflavin (B2) support?

    <p>Healthy mouth tissues and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vitamin A (Retinol) influence?

    <p>Structure and function of cells of skin and mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Vitamin E (Tocopherol)?

    <p>Protection of cell structure, especially red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Pyridoxine (B6) promote?

    <p>Production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Iron (Fe)?

    <p>Formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Potassium (K) help maintain?

    <p>Regular heart rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Calcium (Ca)?

    <p>Clotting of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Iodine (I)?

    <p>Formation of hormones in the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Fluorine (F)?

    <p>Develop and maintain bones and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Magnesium (Mg) and Sodium (Na) support?

    <p>Healthy muscles and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Chlorine (Cl)?

    <p>Formation of hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Zinc (Zn)?

    <p>Component of enzymes and insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are four functions of water?

    <p>Helps body tissues absorb nutrients (A), Essential for breaking down food (C), Makes up most of the blood plasma and cytoplasm of cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many glasses of water should the average person drink per day?

    <p>6-8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is digestion?

    <p>The process of breaking down food into small parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is absorption?

    <p>The process of absorbing nutrients into the circulatory system by lymph capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does kilocalories measure?

    <p>The unit of measurement used to measure the amount of heat produced during metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are four factors that cause calorie requirements to vary?

    <p>Size (B), Activity (C), Sex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An individual who wants to lose weight should increase__________ and decrease_________________________

    <p>Activity, caloric intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does BMI measure?

    <p>Measures weight in relation to height and correlates this with body fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is underweight?

    <p>A body weight that is 10 to 15 percent below the desired weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is overweight?

    <p>A body weight that is 10 to 20 percent above the average recommended weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is obesity?

    <p>A body weight that is 20 percent or more above the average recommended weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are soft diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Nuts (A), Coarse cereal (C), Meat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are diabetic diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Jam (A), Fried foods (B), Honey (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are low-calorie diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Alcohol (B), Whole milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are high-calorie diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Cheesecake (A), Watermelon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are low-cholesterol diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Beef (A), Lamb (B), Pork (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are fat-restricted diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Whole milk (A), Cream (B), Nuts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sodium-restricted diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Salt (A), Pickles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are low-protein diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Meat (A), Cheese (C), Milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bland diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Fried foods (A), Pastries (C), Raw fruits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are low-residue diet foods to avoid?

    <p>Raw vegetables (A), Nuts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What foods are allowed on a clear liquid diet?

    <p>Apple juice (A), Ginger ale (C), Plain gelatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutrition Terms and Concepts

    • Nutritional Status: Refers to the overall state or condition of an individual's nutrition.
    • Hypertension: Commonly known as high blood pressure, which can affect heart health.
    • Malnutrition: A state resulting from inadequate or unbalanced nutrition, often due to dietary factors or illnesses.
    • Carbohydrates: Major source of energy for the body, often categorized as starches or sugars.
    • Cholesterol: A fatty substance that is found in cell membranes and animal fats.
    • Protein: Essential nutrient that aids in building and repairing tissues while providing energy.

    Digestive Processes

    • Digestion: The process of breaking down food into smaller parts, involving both physical and chemical changes.
    • Absorption: The process where blood capillaries absorb the digested nutrients, integrating them into the circulatory system.

    Eating Disorders and Diets

    • Anorexia: Characterized by a loss of appetite, leading to weight loss and nutritional deficiency.
    • Therapeutic Diet: Modifications made to a normal diet to cater to specific health needs or conditions.

    Nutrition Benefits and Functions

    • Four Immediate Effects of Good Nutrition: Results in a healthy appearance, well-developed body, positive attitude, and high energy levels.
    • Osteoporosis: A health condition where bones become porous and break easily, often related to calcium deficiency.
    • Cellulose: An indigestible form of carbohydrate providing bulk to support digestive health.

    Fats and Their Types

    • Functions of Fat: Cushion and protect organs, assist in absorbing fat-soluble vitamins, enhance flavor in food, and provide insulation.
    • Saturated Fats: Typically solid at room temperature, found in foods like eggs, whole milk, and butter.
    • Unsaturated Fats: Usually soft or oily at room temperature, healthier fat sources.
    • Polyunsaturated Fats: Found in foods like vegetable oils, margarine, and fish; beneficial for heart health.

    Proteins and Their Importance

    • Functions of Proteins: Essential for tissue building and repair, antibody production, and supplying energy.
    • Complete Proteins: Contain all nine essential amino acids necessary for health.
    • Incomplete Proteins: Lack one or more of the essential amino acids but can be combined to form a complete profile.

    Vitamins and Minerals

    • Water-Soluble Vitamins: Easily destroyed by cooking and can dissolve in water (e.g., Vitamins B and C).
    • Fat-Soluble Vitamins: More stable in cooking and dissolve in fat (e.g., Vitamins A, D, E, and K).
    • Key Vitamins Functions:
      • Vitamin C: Aids in wound healing.
      • Vitamin K: Essential for normal blood clotting.
      • Vitamin B12: Necessary for formation of red blood cells and protein metabolism.
      • Vitamin D: Crucial for the maintenance of bone health.
    • Key Minerals:
      • Iron: Critical for hemoglobin production in red blood cells.
      • Calcium: Important for blood clotting and bone health.
      • Potassium: Supports regular heart rhythm.

    Hydration and Water’s Role

    • Functions of Water: Vital for food breakdown and nutrient absorption, composes major blood and cell plasma, assists in waste elimination.
    • Recommended Water Intake: 6-8 glasses per day for average adults.

    Body Weight and Health Indicators

    • BMI: Measures weight in relation to height, indicating body fat.
    • Weight Classifications:
      • Underweight: 10-15% below desired weight.
      • Overweight: 10-20% above average recommended weight.
      • Obesity: 20% or more above recommended weight.

    Diet Restrictions

    • Soft Diet: Avoid foods that are tough or hard to digest, such as fried foods and coarse cereals.
    • Diabetic Diet: Restricts high-sugar foods like syrups and jams.
    • Various diets including low-calorie, low-cholesterol, fat-restricted, sodium-restricted, low-protein, bland, and low-residue have specific foods to avoid for compliance with health needs.

    Clear Liquid Diet

    • Allowed Foods: Include beverages like ginger ale, apple juice, and plain gelatin – essential for patients requiring easy digestion.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards focused on Chapter 11 of Nutrition and Diets. This quiz covers key terminology and concepts essential for understanding nutritional status, hypertension, malnutrition, carbohydrates, and cholesterol. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning in nutrition.

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