Nutrition Chapter 2 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are diet-planning principles? (Select all that apply)

  • Balance (correct)
  • Nutrient Density (correct)
  • Kcalorie Control (correct)
  • Moderation (correct)
  • Adequacy (correct)
  • Variety (correct)
  • What are empty-kcalorie foods?

    Foods that contribute energy but lack nutrients.

    What does adequacy refer to in dietary terms?

    Providing sufficient energy and essential nutrients for healthy people.

    What does balance mean in a dietary context?

    <p>Consuming the right proportion of foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is kcalorie control?

    <p>Balancing the amount of foods and energy to sustain physical activities and metabolic needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nutrient density?

    <p>Measuring the nutrient content of a food relative to its energy content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does moderation mean in dietary choices?

    <p>Providing enough but not too much of a food or nutrient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does variety mean in a dietary context?

    <p>Eating a wide selection of foods within and among the major food groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nutrition profiling?

    <p>Ranking foods based on the nutrients they provide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the foundation of a healthful diet?

    <p>Nutrient-dense foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was 'My Plate' unveiled by the U.S. Department of Agriculture?

    <p>June 3, 2011.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important in selecting foods for a nutritious diet?

    <p>A combination of whole grains, vegetables, legumes, fruits, lean meats, and milk products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the portioned plate design provide guidance for?

    <p>For those looking to improve their diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what fraction of Americans are overweight?

    <p>2/3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Less is More' refer to in the context of MyPlate?

    <p>At least 1/2 of your plate should be fruits and vegetables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of foods are emphasized as unhealthy due to high consumption?

    <p>Fats and calories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sections does the MyPlate icon have?

    <p>4 sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 5 food groups represented on MyPlate?

    <p>Fruits, Vegetables, Whole Grains, Lean Protein, Dairy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Mediterranean Diet?

    <p>Separate food groups for legumes and olive oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do The Exchange Lists help with?

    <p>Achieving kcalorie control and moderation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to nutrients in processed foods?

    <p>They lose valuable nutrients and gain sugar, fat, and salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fortified mean in terms of food?

    <p>Foods have improved nutrition due to added nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does refined mean in a food context?

    <p>Foods that lose nutrients during processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does enriched mean in food processing?

    <p>Some nutrients are added back that were lost during refinement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What qualifies a grain as whole grain?

    <p>The first ingredient on the label should say 'whole'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is endosperm?

    <p>The part of the grain that's left after refining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are legumes?

    <p>Beans and peas that are economical, low-fat, nutrient-rich, and fiber-rich.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered low-fat meat?

    <p>Round meat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prime cut of meat?

    <p>A type of meat higher in fat than any other cut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes imitation foods?

    <p>Foods that resemble other foods but are nutritionally inferior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Daily Values?

    <p>Standards based on nutrient content per serving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Percent Daily Values (DV)?

    <p>Listed quantities and percentages for nutrients per serving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must all packaged foods list?

    <p>Ingredients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Daily Value (DV) based on?

    <p>A set of standards for a reference diet containing 2000 kcal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What relationship do Daily Values reflect?

    <p>Dietary recommendations for nutrients and components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kcal diet is considered right for moderate active women?

    <p>2000 kcal diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kcal diet is suitable for many men and active women?

    <p>2500 kcal diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges for carbohydrates, protein, and fats?

    <p>Carbohydrates: 45-65%, Protein: 10 - 35%, Fat: 20-35%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are health claims?

    <p>Claims made with FDA approval about the health benefits of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are structure-function claims?

    <p>Claims made without FDA approval regarding the benefits of food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineral is added in the enrichment process of refined flours?

    <p>Iron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic fits structure-function claims on food labels?

    <p>Can be made without any FDA approval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: All food measurements in the Food Pyramid are in ounces and grams.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: The colored band on the Food Pyramid represents the colors of the rainbow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diet-Planning Principles

    • ABCDMV represents six principles: Adequacy, Balance, Kcalorie control, Nutrient density, Moderation, and Variety.

    Empty-Kcalorie Foods

    • Foods that provide energy without essential nutrients.

    Adequacy

    • A dietary principle ensuring sufficient energy and essential nutrients for health.

    Balance

    • Involves consuming the right proportions of different food groups.

    Kcalorie Control

    • Balancing food and energy intake to meet physical activity and metabolic needs.

    Nutrient Density

    • Evaluates the nutrient content of foods relative to their calorie content; essential for maintaining Kcalorie control.

    Moderation

    • Focuses on consuming enough nutrients without excessive amounts.

    Variety

    • Encourages a wide selection of foods from all major food groups to prevent pesticide accumulation and promote health.

    Nutrition Profiling

    • Ranks foods based on their nutrient contributions.

    Nutrient Dense Foods

    • Essential for building a nutritious diet; should comprise the majority of daily food intake.

    Dietary Guidelines for Americans

    • Promote balancing calories, increasing fruits and vegetables, choosing whole grains, and reducing sodium and sugary drinks.

    MyPlate Introduction

    • 'My Plate' was unveiled by USDA on June 3, 2011, as a visual guide for nutritious eating.

    Portion Control

    • Suggests maintaining ideal portions, with half the plate representing fruits and vegetables.

    Food Groups in MyPlate

    • Includes five categories: Fruits, Vegetables, Whole Grains, Lean Protein, and Dairy.

    Mediterranean Diet

    • Emphasizes separate food groups for legumes and olive oil, low red meat consumption, and encourages physical activity.

    Exchange Lists

    • Developed for diabetics; helps manage caloric intake and balance by grouping foods based on their nutrient content.

    Processed Foods

    • Often deficient in nutrients and high in sugars, fats, and salts; intake should be limited for health.

    Fortified Foods

    • Foods that have added nutrients for improved nutritional content; common examples include fortified orange juice and breakfast cereals.

    Refined Foods

    • Foods that lose nutrients during processing (e.g., white bread) and should be consumed in moderation.

    Enriched Foods

    • Foods with some nutrients added back after processing, although they may still lack healthy fiber.

    Whole Grain

    • Must be unrefined, with “whole grain” listed as the first ingredient; rich in fiber and beneficial for heart health.

    Grain Parts

    • Endosperm: the starchy part left after refining, often lacks essential nutrients; bran and germ contain more nutrients.

    Legumes

    • Nutrient-rich beans and peas that are low-fat, high-fiber, and economical; included in both vegetable and protein groups.

    Meat Classification

    • Round cuts are low-fat; prime cuts contain higher fat content.

    Imitation Foods

    • Resemble real foods but offer lesser nutritional value; awareness is needed when selecting these at the market.

    Daily Values

    • Standards listed on food labels indicating nutrient content percentages; helps consumers understand nutritional content.

    Percent Daily Values

    • Listed on Nutrition Facts labels, indicating kcalories, fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates, and vitamins/minerals content.

    Reference Daily Values and Kcalories

    • Food labels are based on a 2000 kcal reference diet, suitable for general population guidance.

    Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

    • Carbohydrates: 45-65%, Protein: 10-35%, Fats: 20-35%.

    Health Claims

    • Must be FDA-approved, adhere to strict guidelines, and cannot be misleading.

    Structure-Function Claims

    • Made without FDA approval; cannot mention diseases, often associated with dietary supplements.

    Mineral Enrichment

    • Iron is a key mineral added during the enrichment of refined flours.

    Food Measurement Misconceptions

    • Common misunderstandings regarding food measurements often related to the Food Pyramid guidelines; not all measurements are in ounces and grams.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key principles of diet planning from Nutrition Chapter 2. This quiz includes important terms such as adequacy, balance, and empty-calorie foods. Enhance your understanding of essential nutrients and dietary guidelines.

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