Nutrition Chapter 2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are diet-planning principles? (Select all that apply)

Balance (correct)

Nutrient Density (correct)

Kcalorie Control (correct)

Moderation (correct)

Adequacy (correct)

Variety (correct)

What are empty-kcalorie foods?

Foods that contribute energy but lack nutrients.

What does adequacy refer to in dietary terms?

Providing sufficient energy and essential nutrients for healthy people.

What does balance mean in a dietary context?

Consuming the right proportion of foods. Signup and view all the answers

What is kcalorie control?

Balancing the amount of foods and energy to sustain physical activities and metabolic needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is nutrient density?

Measuring the nutrient content of a food relative to its energy content. Signup and view all the answers

What does moderation mean in dietary choices?

Providing enough but not too much of a food or nutrient. Signup and view all the answers

What does variety mean in a dietary context?

Eating a wide selection of foods within and among the major food groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is nutrition profiling?

Ranking foods based on the nutrients they provide. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the foundation of a healthful diet?

Nutrient-dense foods. Signup and view all the answers

When was 'My Plate' unveiled by the U.S. Department of Agriculture?

June 3, 2011. Signup and view all the answers

What is important in selecting foods for a nutritious diet?

A combination of whole grains, vegetables, legumes, fruits, lean meats, and milk products. Signup and view all the answers

What does the portioned plate design provide guidance for?

For those looking to improve their diet. Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what fraction of Americans are overweight?

2/3. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Less is More' refer to in the context of MyPlate?

At least 1/2 of your plate should be fruits and vegetables. Signup and view all the answers

Which types of foods are emphasized as unhealthy due to high consumption?

Fats and calories. Signup and view all the answers

How many sections does the MyPlate icon have?

4 sections. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 food groups represented on MyPlate?

Fruits, Vegetables, Whole Grains, Lean Protein, Dairy. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Mediterranean Diet?

Separate food groups for legumes and olive oil. Signup and view all the answers

What do The Exchange Lists help with?

Achieving kcalorie control and moderation. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to nutrients in processed foods?

They lose valuable nutrients and gain sugar, fat, and salt. Signup and view all the answers

What does fortified mean in terms of food?

Foods have improved nutrition due to added nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

What does refined mean in a food context?

Foods that lose nutrients during processing. Signup and view all the answers

What does enriched mean in food processing?

Some nutrients are added back that were lost during refinement. Signup and view all the answers

What qualifies a grain as whole grain?

The first ingredient on the label should say 'whole'. Signup and view all the answers

What is endosperm?

The part of the grain that's left after refining. Signup and view all the answers

What are legumes?

Beans and peas that are economical, low-fat, nutrient-rich, and fiber-rich. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered low-fat meat?

Round meat. Signup and view all the answers

What is a prime cut of meat?

A type of meat higher in fat than any other cut. Signup and view all the answers

What describes imitation foods?

Foods that resemble other foods but are nutritionally inferior. Signup and view all the answers

What are Daily Values?

Standards based on nutrient content per serving. Signup and view all the answers

What are Percent Daily Values (DV)?

Listed quantities and percentages for nutrients per serving. Signup and view all the answers

What must all packaged foods list?

Ingredients. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Daily Value (DV) based on?

A set of standards for a reference diet containing 2000 kcal. Signup and view all the answers

What relationship do Daily Values reflect?

Dietary recommendations for nutrients and components. Signup and view all the answers

What kcal diet is considered right for moderate active women?

2000 kcal diet. Signup and view all the answers

What kcal diet is suitable for many men and active women?

2500 kcal diet. Signup and view all the answers

What are the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges for carbohydrates, protein, and fats?

Carbohydrates: 45-65%, Protein: 10 - 35%, Fat: 20-35%. Signup and view all the answers

What are health claims?

Claims made with FDA approval about the health benefits of food. Signup and view all the answers

What are structure-function claims?

Claims made without FDA approval regarding the benefits of food. Signup and view all the answers

What mineral is added in the enrichment process of refined flours?

Iron. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic fits structure-function claims on food labels?

Can be made without any FDA approval Signup and view all the answers

True or False: All food measurements in the Food Pyramid are in ounces and grams.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or False: The colored band on the Food Pyramid represents the colors of the rainbow.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diet-Planning Principles

ABCDMV represents six principles: Adequacy, Balance, Kcalorie control, Nutrient density, Moderation, and Variety.

Empty-Kcalorie Foods

Foods that provide energy without essential nutrients.

Adequacy

A dietary principle ensuring sufficient energy and essential nutrients for health.

Balance

Involves consuming the right proportions of different food groups.

Kcalorie Control

Balancing food and energy intake to meet physical activity and metabolic needs.

Nutrient Density

Evaluates the nutrient content of foods relative to their calorie content; essential for maintaining Kcalorie control.

Moderation

Focuses on consuming enough nutrients without excessive amounts.

Variety

Encourages a wide selection of foods from all major food groups to prevent pesticide accumulation and promote health.

Nutrition Profiling

Ranks foods based on their nutrient contributions.

Nutrient Dense Foods

Essential for building a nutritious diet; should comprise the majority of daily food intake.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Promote balancing calories, increasing fruits and vegetables, choosing whole grains, and reducing sodium and sugary drinks.

MyPlate Introduction

'My Plate' was unveiled by USDA on June 3, 2011, as a visual guide for nutritious eating.

Portion Control

Suggests maintaining ideal portions, with half the plate representing fruits and vegetables.

Food Groups in MyPlate

Includes five categories: Fruits, Vegetables, Whole Grains, Lean Protein, and Dairy.

Mediterranean Diet

Emphasizes separate food groups for legumes and olive oil, low red meat consumption, and encourages physical activity.

Exchange Lists

Developed for diabetics; helps manage caloric intake and balance by grouping foods based on their nutrient content.

Processed Foods

Often deficient in nutrients and high in sugars, fats, and salts; intake should be limited for health.

Fortified Foods

Foods that have added nutrients for improved nutritional content; common examples include fortified orange juice and breakfast cereals.

Refined Foods

Foods that lose nutrients during processing (e.g., white bread) and should be consumed in moderation.

Enriched Foods

Foods with some nutrients added back after processing, although they may still lack healthy fiber.

Whole Grain

Must be unrefined, with “whole grain” listed as the first ingredient; rich in fiber and beneficial for heart health.

Grain Parts

Endosperm: the starchy part left after refining, often lacks essential nutrients; bran and germ contain more nutrients.

Legumes

Nutrient-rich beans and peas that are low-fat, high-fiber, and economical; included in both vegetable and protein groups.

Meat Classification

Round cuts are low-fat; prime cuts contain higher fat content.

Imitation Foods

Resemble real foods but offer lesser nutritional value; awareness is needed when selecting these at the market.

Daily Values

Standards listed on food labels indicating nutrient content percentages; helps consumers understand nutritional content.

Percent Daily Values

Listed on Nutrition Facts labels, indicating kcalories, fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrates, and vitamins/minerals content.

Reference Daily Values and Kcalories

Food labels are based on a 2000 kcal reference diet, suitable for general population guidance.

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)

Carbohydrates: 45-65%, Protein: 10-35%, Fats: 20-35%.

Health Claims

Must be FDA-approved, adhere to strict guidelines, and cannot be misleading.

Structure-Function Claims

Made without FDA approval; cannot mention diseases, often associated with dietary supplements.

Mineral Enrichment

Iron is a key mineral added during the enrichment of refined flours.

Food Measurement Misconceptions

Common misunderstandings regarding food measurements often related to the Food Pyramid guidelines; not all measurements are in ounces and grams.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key principles of diet planning from Nutrition Chapter 2. This quiz includes important terms such as adequacy, balance, and empty-calorie foods. Enhance your understanding of essential nutrients and dietary guidelines.