Nutrition Basics and Dietary Needs
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Questions and Answers

What is a significant role of chloroplasts in plants?

  • They are involved in the transport of water.
  • They provide structural support to the plant.
  • They assist in the process of photosynthesis. (correct)
  • They store nutrients and minerals.

    • Which factor is least likely to affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Carbon dioxide concentration.
  • Soil pH level. (correct)
  • Light intensity.
  • Temperature.

    • What is the primary function of enzymes in biological processes?

  • They catalyze biochemical reactions. (correct)
  • They act as a structural component of cells.
  • They provide cellular energy.
  • They store genetic information.

    • Which condition is most likely associated with vitamin D deficiency?

    <p>Rickets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between physical activity and breathing?

    <p>Breathing rate increases with physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body?

    <p>Creating energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lipids in the body?

    <p>Insulation and keeping energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of dietary fibers in the body?

    <p>Clearing out the intestine and turning into excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water in the body's chemical reactions?

    <p>Carrying out chemical reactions in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vitamins and minerals in the body?

    <p>Needed for the body for health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of protein in the body?

    <p>Growing and repairing muscles/skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vitamin C do in the body?

    <p>Creates collagen protein which then makes skin, bones, hair, and gums healthier and stronger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can vitamin C be found?

    <p>Citrus fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Helps with the absorption of calcium, for strong bones and teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of calcium in the body?

    <p>For healthy teeth and bones and for blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can calcium be found?

    <p>Milk, cheese, eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can iron be found?

    <p>Spinach, red meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As age increases, the amount of energy needed also increases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children need less protein than adults because they are not growing as fast.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The more active an individual is, the less energy they need.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During pregnancy, a woman does not need extra energy or nutrients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breastfeeding requires extra energy and calcium.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition caused by a lack of vitamin C for more than three months?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common symptoms of scurvy?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is known for poor bone development in children and is caused by a lack of vitamin D?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the digestive system?

    <p>To transport food through the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some organs that make up the alimentary canal?

    <p>Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of digestion?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of teeth in the digestive process?

    <p>Mechanical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the breakdown of food by churning in the stomach?

    <p>Physical Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile in the digestive system?

    <p>Emulsifies fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion involves breaking down large molecules into smaller, soluble molecules?

    <p>Chemical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process where digested food molecules move into the blood and lymph?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptations in the small intestine help with absorption?

    <p>Long and highly folded, with millions of villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which green plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of photosynthesis?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photosynthesis requires energy from sunlight.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

    <p>Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Different wavelengths of light have no effect on the rate of photosynthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do chloroplasts play in photosynthesis?

    <p>They contain chlorophyll and absorb light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main importance of photosynthesis?

    <p>It is the foundation of life on Earth because it produces oxygen and provides food for other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of enzymes?

    <p>Speed up reactions but are not used up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are specific to one substrate due to their active site shape.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes have no optimal temperature or pH.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of amylase?

    <p>Breaks down starch into smaller sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common features of gas exchange surfaces?

    <p>Good ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main structures involved in the breathing system?

    <p>Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exhaled air contains a higher percentage of carbon dioxide than inhaled air.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical activity has no effect on breathing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two sets of intercostal muscles?

    <p>External intercostal muscles and internal intercostal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cartilage rings help to keep the trachea and bronchi open during breathing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscles control breathing?

    <p>Diaphragm and intercostal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which glucose is broken down to release energy?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aerobic respiration releases much more energy than anaerobic respiration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some processes that require energy from respiration?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Temperature has no effect on respiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of respiration involves the complete breakdown of glucose and releases a large amount of energy?

    <p>Aerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of aerobic respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of respiration does not require oxygen and releases a small amount of energy?

    <p>Anaerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaerobic respiration in animals occurs mainly during strenuous exercise.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

    <p>Glucose → lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

    <p>Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactic acid buildup in muscles can be beneficial for muscle function.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aerobic respiration produces more energy per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Necessary Foods

    • Carbohydrates: Create energy
    • Lipids: Provide insulation and energy storage
    • Dietary Fibers: Aid in intestinal emptying
    • Water: Essential for bodily chemical reactions
    • Vitamins: Crucial for overall health
    • Minerals: Important for bodily function
    • Protein: Needed for growth and repair of muscles and skin

    Vitamins and Minerals

    • Vitamin C:
      • Creates collagen for healthy skin, bones, hair, and gums
      • Found in citrus fruits
    • Vitamin D:
      • Aids in calcium absorption for strong bones and teeth
      • Found in sunlight, fish, eggs, and dairy products
    • Calcium:
      • Essential for healthy teeth and bones, blood clotting
      • Found in milk, cheese, eggs
    • Iron:
      • Involved in oxygen transport and red blood cell production
      • Found in spinach and red meat

    Dietary Needs

    • Age: Energy needs increase with age, particularly protein for growth in children
    • Activity Level: More active individuals require more energy
    • Pregnancy: Increased energy and nutrient needs (calcium and iron) for the developing fetus
    • Breastfeeding: Extra calcium and increased energy needs for milk production

    Scurvy

    • Definition: Vitamin C deficiency
    • Cause: Lack of Vitamin C for more than 3 months
    • Symptoms: Anemia, exhaustion, spontaneous bleeding, pain in limbs, swelling

    Digestive System

    • Function: Transport food through the body; break down food and absorb nutrients
    • Organs: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, appendix, bile duct
    • Stages:
      • Ingestion: Food enters the mouth
      • Mechanical Digestion: Breaking down food physically (chewing, churning)
      • Chemical Digestion: Breaking down food chemically (enzymes)
      • Absorption: Digested nutrients pass into the bloodstream
      • Egestion: Undigested material leaves the body

    Teeth and Digestion

    • Function: Break down food into smaller pieces to increase surface area for enzyme action
    • Teeth Types: Incisors, canines, premolars, molars with differing functions.
    • Stomach Function: Churns food, mixes with digestive juices, physical digestion

    Chemical Digestion

    • Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions; specific to a molecule
    • Amylase: Breaks down starch
    • Proteases: Breaks down proteins
    • Lipases: Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
    • Hydrochloric Acid: Creates an acidic environment for enzymes to work (in stomach)

    Digestion of Starch, Proteins, and Fats

    • Starch: Amylase breaks it down into smaller sugars (maltose)
    • Proteins: Pepsin (stomach) and trypsin (small intestine) break proteins down into amino acids
    • Fats: Bile emulsifies fats, increasing surface area for lipase action

    Absorption

    • Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
    • Villi increase surface area for absorption to occur efficiently.
    • Thin walls of villi allow efficient diffusion and active transport

    Photosynthesis

    • Process: Green plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen, using energy from light.
    • Chlorophyll: Essential pigment for trapping light energy
    • Factors Affecting Photosynthesis: Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and light wavelength.

    Respiration

    • Function: Release energy from food (glucose) for bodily functions
    • Aerobic Respiration: Requires oxygen; produces carbon dioxide and water; more efficient.
    • Anaerobic Respiration: Does not require oxygen; produces lactic acid (animals) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (yeast); less efficient.
    • Importance: Cellular energy for functions

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    Description

    Explore the essential nutrients your body needs for optimal health. This quiz covers carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, detailing their functions and food sources. Understand how age and activity level influence dietary requirements.

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