Nutrition Assessment Methods
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Questions and Answers

What is the most cost-effective health education program?

  • Health education in the community
  • Health education to patients with acute illnesses
  • Health education in the workplace
  • Health education in school (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of counseling in health education?

  • Is unidirectional
  • Requires new skills (correct)
  • Should not last more than 30 minutes
  • Does not change negative attitudes

    • Why was the health promotion movement born?

  • Due to social inequalities in health
  • To reform primary care with emphasis on health education
  • To find strategies for citizen participation to improve health
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is true about the health system in Italy?

    <p>It corresponds to the Beveridge model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health system has more equity and control?

    <p>National health System model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why has there been a significant reduction of caries in industrialized countries?

    <p>Due to widespread use of fluoride toothpaste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which century was there a higher prevalence of caries?

    <p>19th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is mainly responsible for secreting salivary amylase?

    <p>Parotid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can alter salivary flow?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical pH for fluorapatite?

    <p>4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most commonly used technique for dental impression?

    <p>Manual technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chlorhexidine on bacterial adhesion?

    <p>Interferes with the formation of the acquired pellicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor affecting the effectiveness of dental sealants?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the retention rate of dental sealants after 1 year?

    <p>92-96%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic threshold used for epidemiological surveys of dental caries?

    <p>D3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the 'Pits icenberg of dental caries'?

    <p>Involves Streptococcus mutans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of Streptococcus mutans?

    <p>To adhere to the acquired pellicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Lactobacillus?

    <p>Is acidogenic, acidophilic, and aciduric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incorrect statement about health education?

    <p>Specific prevention is aimed at the general population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best health indicator?

    <p>The years of quality-adjusted life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of dietary surveys?

    <p>To collect dietary information individually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dietary survey involves a closed list of foods in which the consumption frequency of each food type is indicated?

    <p>Frequency questionnaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 24-hour recall method?

    <p>To remember all foods and beverages consumed in the preceding 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a valid food recommendation to prevent tooth decay?

    <p>Avoid eating or 'nibble' between meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of an agent to bind to different sites of the mouth to slowly release its active ingredients maintaining therapeutic levels?

    <p>Substantivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for children or adults with certain disabilities and/or management difficulties?

    <p>Thread spool method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the dietary history method?

    <p>To write down daily what foods and beverages are ingested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of dental floss?

    <p>It is a flexible, conical formation, of rubber or plastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of chemical plaque control products?

    <p>To bind to different sites of the mouth to slowly release its active ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of overcoming the contact point to achieve the trauma of the interdental papilla?

    <p>Flossing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dietary Surveys and Methods

    • Dietary surveys are methods of collecting dietary information individually
    • They can be divided into four types: 48-hours recall, food diary, frequency questionnaire, and dietary history
    • Frequency questionnaires are used in studies of caries and diet

    Individual Consumption Assessment

    • Frequency questionnaires consist of a closed list of foods, where the consumption frequency of each food type is indicated
    • The 24-hour recall is a retrospective method, where patients are asked to remember all foods and beverages consumed in the preceding 24 hours
    • The dietary journal/food diary is a method developed by Burke, which includes an extensive interview and several 24-hours recalls
    • In the dietary history, the patient writes down daily (for 3, 7, or more days) what foods and beverages they are ingesting

    Food Recommendations to Prevent Tooth Decay

    • Reduce consumption of sucrose below 50 g/day in populations with extensive use of fluorides
    • Avoid eating or "nibble" between meals
    • Promote the substitution of sucrose by non-cariogenic sweeteners

    Chemical Plaque Control Products

    • The ability of an agent to bind to different sites of the mouth to slowly release its active ingredients, maintaining therapeutic levels, is called substantivity

    Dental Floss and Technique

    • The contact point should quickly be overcome to achieve the trauma of the interdental papilla
    • The most commonly used technique for dental floss is the manual technique, also known as the "spool technique"

    Chlorhexidine

    • Interferes with the formation of the acquired pellicle and bacterial adhesion
    • At high concentrations, it is bacteriostatic
    • At low concentrations, it has antibacterial power

    Dental Sealants

    • The effectiveness of dental sealants depends mainly on retention
    • Retention of 92 to 96% after 1 year
    • Retention of between 67 and 82% after 5 years

    Epidemiological Surveys and Cavity Stages

    • In the "Pits and fissures of dental caries," the diagnostic threshold used for epidemiological surveys is D3
    • The clinical threshold includes only D3 and D4 stages
    • The epidemiological threshold includes only stages D1 and D2

    Dental Caries

    • It is a multi-microbial disease in which Lactobacilli are considered to be the most cariogenic microorganisms
    • Streptococcus mutans have the ability to join/adhere to the acquired pellicle
    • Lactobacilli relate to root caries

    Lactobacillus

    • Acidogen, acidophilus, and aciduric power
    • Relates to root caries
    • Some strains synthesize intra/extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose
    • Some, through scarce, proteolytic activity with potential implication for dentin caries

    Actinomycetes

    • Relates to root caries
    • Able to adhere to the acquired pellicle
    • Some strains synthesize intra/extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose

    Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion

    • Preventive medicine to the masses is equal to health promotion
    • Health protection is focused on the individual
    • Specific prevention is aimed at the general population

    Health Indicators and Fetal Mortality

    • Maternal mortality is the best health indicator
    • Fetal mortality is from conception to 28 weeks

    Health Systems and Education

    • The health promotion movement was born because of social inequalities in health worldwide
    • The indirect method of health education is more effective than the direct method
    • Counseling (medical advice) is a method that requires new skills and is unidirectional

    Health Systems and Equity

    • The national health system model has more equity and control
    • The healthcare system in Italy corresponds to the Beveridge model

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    Description

    Quiz about dietary surveys and individual consumption assessment methods, including 24-hour recall, food diary, and frequency questionnaire.

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