Nutrition and Vitamins Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended daily allowance of retinol for adult men?

  • 800-1000 µg/day (correct)
  • 600 µg/day
  • 4800 µg/day
  • 2000 µg/day

Which of the following is a symptom of vitamin A toxicity?

  • Keratomalacia
  • Weight gain
  • Night blindness
  • Dermatitis (correct)

Which vitamin is primarily found in plant sources as carotene?

  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin A (correct)
  • Vitamin B6
  • Vitamin K

What chemical term refers to all natural and synthetic forms of vitamin A?

<p>Retinoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can prolonged deficiency of vitamin A lead to in terms of vision?

<p>Nyctalopia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two broad classifications of vitamins?

<p>Fat soluble and water soluble (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is specifically classified as a B-complex vitamin?

<p>Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that higher organisms must obtain vitamins from their diet?

<p>Vitamins cannot be manufactured by the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about fat soluble vitamins is correct?

<p>They are stored in the liver and adipose tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin was isolated from rice and led to the term 'vitamine'?

<p>Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a deficiency disease associated with vitamin C?

<p>Scurvy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily allowance of vitamin C for adults?

<p>40-50 mg/day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition could result from the impairment in collagen synthesis due to vitamin C deficiency?

<p>Wound healing delay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is NOT a source of vitamin C?

<p>Meat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of oxidizing agents on vitamin C?

<p>Destroys the vitamin's activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical feature contributes to the acidic property of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)?

<p>Enolic hydroxyl group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is vitamin C excreted from the body?

<p>Excreted in urine as is or as metabolites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of Vitamin E in the body?

<p>Prevents oxidative damage to cell membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is primarily involved in blood coagulation?

<p>Vitamin K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause a deficiency in Vitamin K?

<p>Loss of vitamin in feces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Vitamin E protect against free radicals?

<p>By acting as a scavenger of free radicals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of Vitamin K is found primarily in plant sources?

<p>K1 (Phylloquinone) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary source of Vitamin K from animal sources?

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result from hypervitaminosis K?

<p>Haemolytic anaemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Vitamin E is FALSE?

<p>It is hydrophilic in nature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Vitamins: What are they?

Organic compounds essential for normal biological function, growth, and health, required in small amounts in the diet.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in fats, stored in liver and adipose tissue, not readily excreted in urine. Examples include vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in water, not stored significantly in the body, readily excreted in urine. Examples include vitamin C and B vitamins.

RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance)

The recommended daily intake of a nutrient to maintain good health, based on age, sex, and other factors.

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Vitamin deficiency

The condition of being deficient in a particular vitamin, leading to various health problems.

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What is Vitamin A?

A fat-soluble vitamin found in animal products like eggs, milk, and fish. It is essential for vision, growth, and immune function.

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What is Beta-Carotene?

The precursor to Vitamin A found in plants like carrots and spinach. It contains two beta-ionone rings and eight double bonds.

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What is Retinal?

The aldehyde form of Vitamin A, produced by oxidizing retinol. It plays a key role in vision.

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What is Night Blindness?

The condition caused by Vitamin A deficiency, characterized by difficulty seeing in dim light.

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What is Xeropthalmia?

A severe condition caused by long-term Vitamin A deficiency, leading to dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye.

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What is the function of Vitamin E in cell membranes?

Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from damage caused by free radicals.

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How does Vitamin E protect red blood cells?

Vitamin E protects red blood cells from being destroyed by oxidizing agents like hydrogen peroxide.

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What is the role of Vitamin E in reproduction?

Vitamin E plays a crucial role in maintaining reproductive health by supporting the function of the gonads.

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How does Vitamin E affect heme synthesis?

Vitamin E increases heme synthesis by boosting the activity of certain enzymes.

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How does Vitamin E relate to vitamin A and carotenes?

Vitamin E prevents the degradation of vitamin A and carotenes by oxidation.

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What is the role of Vitamin E in amino acid absorption?

Vitamin E is necessary for the proper absorption of amino acids in the intestines.

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What is the role of Vitamin E in nucleic acid synthesis?

Vitamin E is involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

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How does Vitamin E protect the liver?

Vitamin E protects the liver from damage caused by toxic substances such as carbon tetrachloride.

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Isoprenoid Side Chains in Vitamin K

Vitamin K1 and K2, essential for blood clotting and bone health, are characterized by their isoprenoid side chains.

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Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin crucial for various bodily functions, including collagen formation and immune support.

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What is scurvy?

Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by symptoms such as sore gums, loose teeth, and delayed wound healing.

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Vitamin C Absorption and Storage

Vitamin C is easily absorbed from the intestines but is not stored significantly in the body.

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Vitamin C as an Antioxidant

Vitamin C acts as a potent antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals.

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Vitamin C's Role in Collagen Synthesis

Vitamin C plays a vital role in collagen formation, a key component of connective tissues like skin, tendons, and bones.

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Vitamin C and Immune Function

Vitamin C enhances the immune response by boosting the production of antibodies and increasing the activity of white blood cells that fight pathogens.

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Study Notes

Vitamins

  • Vitamins are organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal biological function and maintenance for optimum growth and health.
  • E. coli synthesizes all vitamins
  • Higher organisms obtain vitamins from their diet.
  • Vitamins are required in small amounts, thus their degradation is relatively slow.
  • Hopkins coined the term accessory factors for essential nutrients.
  • Funk (1913) isolated an amine from rice and termed it vitamine (Greek for life).
  • McCollum and Davis (1915) classified vitamins as fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Classification of Vitamins

  • Vitamins are broadly classified as fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

  • Stored in the liver and adipose tissue.
  • Not readily excreted in urine.
  • Made of isoprene units.
  • Examples include Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Water-Soluble Vitamins

  • Not stored in large quantities.
  • Readily excreted in urine.
  • Heterogenous compounds.
  • Examples include Vitamin C and B vitamins.

Vitamin A

  • Fat-soluble vitamin.
  • Found in animal products (e.g., retinol) and plant products (e.g., beta-carotene).
  • RDA: 800-1,000 µg/day as retinol or 4,800-6,000 µg/day as beta-carotene.
  • Plays a crucial role in vision, cell differentiation, and reproduction.
  • Deficiency can lead to night blindness, xerophthalmia, and keratomalacia.

Vitamin D

  • Fat-soluble vitamin.
  • Produced in the skin through sun exposure. Also present in foods like fatty fish, fish liver oils, and egg yolk.
  • RDA: 400 IU or 10 mg of cholecalciferol
  • crucial for calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone health.
  • Deficiency can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.

Vitamin E

  • Fat-soluble vitamin.
  • Known as tocopherols/tocotrienols.
  • Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from damage.
  • Found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.
  • Deficiency is rare in humans.

Vitamin K

  • Fat-soluble vitamin.
  • Found in vegetables and produced by intestinal bacteria.
  • Crucial for blood clotting.
  • Deficiency leads to increased blood clotting time.

Vitamin B Complex

  • Water-soluble vitamins.
  • Essential for various metabolic processes.
  • Includes vitamins B1 through B12.
  • Each vitamin has specific functions and sources.

Additional Notes

  • Excessive consumption of vitamin A can be toxic (hypervitaminosis A).
  • There are several coenzymes for vitamins, which are active forms involved in biochemical reactions.
  • Good sources of vitamins are fruits, vegetables, and animal products.
  • Recommended daily allowances (RDAs) vary by age and gender.
  • Deficiencies in vitamins can lead to various health problems.

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Test your knowledge on essential vitamins and their roles in nutrition with this quiz. Explore questions about vitamin A, B-complex vitamins, and the significance of vitamins in our diet. Challenge yourself and discover how well you understand the importance of these nutrients.

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