Nutrition and Metabolism Quiz

<p>Raises the BMR by increasing metabolic activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More lean tissue corresponds to a higher BMR (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lowers BMR by activating starvation hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An adolescent male with high lean muscle mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetically modified fruit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe muscle wasting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lacto-vegetarian (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases cholesterol levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Includes eggs but not dairy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Omega-3 fatty acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To support cognitive functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fresh vegetables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chicken broth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carries bad cholesterol to the liver for removal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can deposit into blood vessel walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholesterol is a protein that builds cellular structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vision and nerve problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malnutrition lowers the BMR. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maltose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As an alternative energy source when glucose is scarce. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sugar cravings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pepsin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can become too acidic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some amino acids contain sulfur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nutrients are substances found in food that the body needs to function. These nutrients are divided into six categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins and minerals.

MyPlate is a visual guide created by the USDA to help people make healthy food choices. It emphasizes eating a variety of foods from different groups. It focuses on portion sizes.

Organic fruit is grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. It uses natural methods to control pests and fertilize soil.

Conventional fruits are grown using traditional farming methods which might include fertilizers and pesticides.

GMO fruits are genetically modified to resist pests and diseases, potentially involving pesticides during their growth.

BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) is the number of calories your body burns at rest. It's influenced by factors like age, height, and body composition.

Age affects BMR, as lean body mass generally declines with age, slowing the BMR. However, staying active can help maintain BMR.

Stress hormones raise BMR, increasing the number of calories your body burns.

Disaccharides are carbohydrates made up of two monosaccharides, one of which is always glucose.

Maltose is a disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules. It is produced during the germination of seeds and fermentation.

Sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, is a disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose.

Lactose, often called milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose.

Ketosis is a metabolic state where the body starts burning fat for energy due to low carbohydrate intake.

Protein is a complex molecule made up of amino acids, providing the body with essential building blocks.

Incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids, making them insufficient for optimal growth and health. They are typically found in plant-based sources.

Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids, providing a more comprehensive source of protein building blocks. Common sources include animal products.

The process where absorbed amino acids enter the bloodstream and are transported to the liver.

The liver's role in managing the allocation of amino acids to different parts of the body based on the body's needs.

A type of vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs.

A type of vegetarian diet that includes dairy products but excludes eggs.

A type of vegetarian diet that includes eggs but excludes dairy products.

A severe form of malnutrition caused by a deficiency in protein, energy, and other nutrients.

A form of malnutrition characterized by a deficiency in protein and an excess in carbohydrates.

A type of fat that is crucial for various bodily functions, including cell membrane formation, heart health, and brain development.

Omega-3s are fats crucial for brain health, particularly memory and cognitive function. They're abundant in the brain and are vital for proper development.

Trans fats are created through a process called hydrogenation, which turns liquid oils into solid fats. They are commonly found in processed foods and increase shelf life.

Cholesterol is a waxy fat found in animal-based foods. It's essential for cell membranes, hormone production, and vitamin D synthesis, but excess can be harmful.

LDL cholesterol is often called 'bad' cholesterol as it delivers cholesterol to tissues, excess can clog arteries. High levels increase the risk for heart disease.

HDL cholesterol is called 'good' cholesterol because it transports excess cholesterol back to the liver for removal. Higher HDL levels are beneficial.

Infants who don't get enough omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy from their mothers may face vision and nerve problems.

Foods high in cholesterol include beef brain, chicken liver, egg yolk, shrimp, cheeseburgers, and chicken legs.

High cholesterol levels mainly occur due to consuming a diet rich in saturated and trans fats, a lack of physical activity, and genetic predisposition.