Nutrition and Energy Expenditure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the formula for calculating Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?

TEE = 2 x BMR + PAL

TEE = BMR + PAL

TEE = BMR - PAL

TEE = BMR x PAL (correct)

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for males?

BMR = 66.5 + [13.75 x weight (kg)] + [5.003 x height (cm)] - [6.775 x age (yr)] (correct)

BMR = 66.5 - [13.75 x weight (kg)] + [5.003 x height (cm)] - [6.775 x age (yr)]

BMR = 66.5 + [9.563 x weight (kg)] + [1.850 x height (cm)] - [4.676 x age (yr)]

BMR = 655.1 + [13.75 x weight (kg)] + [5.003 x height (cm)] - [6.775 x age (yr)]

What is the Physical Activity Level (PAL) value for a sedentary office worker?

1.6-1.7 (correct)

2.0-2.4

1.2

1.8-1.9

Which component of energy expenditure represents the lowest amount of energy required to sustain living?

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for calculating BMR for females?

BMR = 655.1 + [9.563 x weight (kg)] + [1.850 x height (cm)] - [4.676 x age (yr)] Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is primarily found in fruits?

Simple carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the grain contains primarily starch?

Endosperm Signup and view all the answers

What are the storage forms of glucose found in humans?

Glycogen and starch Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate type includes glucose and fructose?

Simple carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between whole grain and refined grain?

Whole grain has more fiber than refined grain. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of simple sugar?

Maltose Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the diet?

To act as a primary source of energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of soluble fiber?

Forms gels and is fermentable Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fiber primarily helps to relieve constipation?

Insoluble fiber Signup and view all the answers

What effect does soluble fiber have on cholesterol levels?

Lowers cholesterol levels Signup and view all the answers

Which food sources are high in soluble fiber?

Apples and legumes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding functional fibers?

Functional fibers are added to foods for health benefits. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fiber may help prevent colon cancer?

Insoluble fiber Signup and view all the answers

What role does dietary fiber play in gut health?

It feeds gut bacteria and serves as a prebiotic. Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of insoluble fiber?

It promotes bowel regularity and comfort. Signup and view all the answers

What is the total estimated weight of food consumed over a lifetime?

45,300 kg Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient class does not provide calories?

Water Signup and view all the answers

At what age do energy needs typically peak?

18-25 years Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily influences energy needs in humans?

Body weight Signup and view all the answers

How much does energy need increase during pregnancy in the 2nd and 3rd trimester?

250 kcal per day Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic typically has higher energy needs?

Males with more lean mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for higher energy needs during breastfeeding?

Baby's growth needs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is classified as non-essential?

Phytochemicals Signup and view all the answers

What macronutrient group provides the most energy per gram?

Fats Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about energy needs is correct?

Energy needs decrease with increasing age. Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of the glycemic index developed by David Jenkins and Thomas Wallver?

It is useful for people with diabetes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum daily recommended intake of total sugars according to Health Canada?

100g Signup and view all the answers

How does the United States define its recommended sugar intake in comparison to Canada?

Looks at free sugars instead of total sugars. Signup and view all the answers

What nutritional category do monosaccharides and disaccharides fall under?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily limit for added sugars recommended by the World Health Organization?

About 100g Signup and view all the answers

Why do higher glycemic foods take longer to digest?

They are low in fiber content. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Glycemic Index measure?

The effect of carbohydrates on blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What does 'free sugars' refer to in nutritional guidelines?

Sugars added during food processing. Signup and view all the answers

How is the Glycemic Index determined?

By assessing the blood glucose response to a standard amount of food Signup and view all the answers

What effect does consuming high glycemic index foods have on blood glucose levels?

They lead to an increase in blood glucose levels. Signup and view all the answers

Why might an athlete use the Glycemic Index before a race?

To select foods that will increase their blood glucose levels for energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the reference used to compare other foods in the Glycemic Index?

50g servings of glucose or white bread Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of high fiber foods based on the content?

They lead to lower blood glucose spikes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Glycemic Index?

It provides information on the nutritional content beyond carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the common reference carbohydrate measure used in Glycemic Index studies?

A standard amount of 50g glucose or white bread Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes foods with a low Glycemic Index?

They release glucose slowly into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

KINE 1020 - Introduction to Nutrition - 1

Course name: KINE 1020 - Introduction to Nutrition - 1
Date: October 7, 2024
Instructor: Dr. A. Josse

Lifetime Food Consumption

Humans consume more than the weight of an elephant during their lifetime (in food)
Fat: 2300 kg (21 kcal* million)
Carbohydrates (CHO): 8000 kg (31 kcal* million)
Protein: 1900 kg (7 kcal* million)
Water: 45,300 kg

Food and Instagram

People are now concerned about the aesthetic look of their food for social media posts.

Food Provides Nutrients

45 nutrients are essential for human life and must be obtained from the diet.
Non-essential nutrients include phytochemicals and antioxidants.
6 main classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals.
Macronutrients provide energy.
Examples of macronutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and water.

Energy Needs in Humans

Energy needs increase with age, peaking at 18–25 years.
Then energy needs decline in adults.
Males have higher energy needs than females due to more lean mass.
Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers have increased energy needs.
18-25 yr olds need more energy than older persons; activity level affects energy needs.

Calculating Energy Needs

Total energy expenditure (TEE) = Basal metabolic rate (BMR) x Physical activity level (PAL)
BMR is calculated based on individual characteristics (age, sex, height, weight).
PAL accounts for physical activity levels.

Glycemic Index

Useful for people with diabetes.
Classifies how carbohydrates impact blood glucose levels.
Compares blood glucose response of different foods to a standard reference food (glucose/white bread).

Sugars

Health Canada recommends limiting total sugars to 100g per day.
World Health Organization and US FDA recommends free sugars to be less than 10% of total calories per day.
Main sources of free sugars: sugar-sweetened beverages, baked goods, and sweets.

No Added Sugar

Even foods labeled "no added sugar" can still have significant amounts of sugars.
Free sugars are defined as sugars added to foods or drinks.

Dietary Fats

Dietary fat provides 9 kcal/g of energy, more than carbohydrates.
Main form: fatty acids.
Stored as triglycerides.
Different types of fatty acids: saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated.

Essential Fatty Acids (PUFAs)

Essential fatty acids must be consumed because the body cannot synthesize them.
Essential PUFAs include linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3).

Essential Fatty Acids – Omega-3

Omega-3 essential fatty acids include EPA and DHA.
Sources of omega-3 fatty acids: fish, seafood, and fish oil supplements.
Health benefits associated with omega-3 fatty acids include blood pressure regulation, reduced inflammation, and improved heart health and brain health.

Trans Fatty Acids

Trans fats are artificial and negatively impact health.
Trans fats are created using partially hydrogenated oils.
They are found in processed foods and baked goods.
Trans fats negatively affect heart health
Artificial trans fats are now banned in many countries (Canada, USA).

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Description

Test your knowledge on nutrition concepts, specifically focusing on Total Energy Expenditure, Basal Metabolic Rate, and carbohydrates. This quiz covers formulas, definitions, and characteristics related to dietary energy and macronutrients. Perfect for students and health enthusiasts alike!