Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common misconception about carbohydrates?
What is a common misconception about carbohydrates?
- They cause depression and hyperactive behavior (correct)
- They are only found in sugary foods
- They are a source of energy for athletes
- They are essential for human health
What is a sign of poorly controlled diabetes during pregnancy?
What is a sign of poorly controlled diabetes during pregnancy?
- Birth defects (correct)
- Headaches
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
What is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?
What is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?
- Consuming too much fiber
- Eating too much fat
- Lack of exercise (correct)
- Eating too much protein
What is a health benefit of including fiber-rich foods in one's diet?
What is a health benefit of including fiber-rich foods in one's diet?
What is a consequence of not following good dental hygiene practices?
What is a consequence of not following good dental hygiene practices?
What is a difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
What is a difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
What is a sign of metabolic syndrome?
What is a sign of metabolic syndrome?
What is a difference between lactose intolerance and milk allergy?
What is a difference between lactose intolerance and milk allergy?
Why do people following a high-protein, high-fat diet tend to lose weight in the short term?
Why do people following a high-protein, high-fat diet tend to lose weight in the short term?
What happens when a person consumes excess carbohydrates?
What happens when a person consumes excess carbohydrates?
Why do people tend to blame carbohydrates for their unwanted weight gain?
Why do people tend to blame carbohydrates for their unwanted weight gain?
What is the average daily calorie intake of adult males in the United States?
What is the average daily calorie intake of adult males in the United States?
What is associated with pleasurable sensations in the nervous system?
What is associated with pleasurable sensations in the nervous system?
What is responsible for the rise in obesity rates in Americans over the past 35 years?
What is responsible for the rise in obesity rates in Americans over the past 35 years?
What is characterized by an uncontrolled need to take a substance and the development of withdrawal signs and symptoms when the substance is not taken?
What is characterized by an uncontrolled need to take a substance and the development of withdrawal signs and symptoms when the substance is not taken?
What is the primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke?
What is the primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke?
Why do foods that contain a lot of added sugars and solid fats tend to be energy dense?
Why do foods that contain a lot of added sugars and solid fats tend to be energy dense?
What is the primary reason for the increased prevalence of obesity in the United States?
What is the primary reason for the increased prevalence of obesity in the United States?
What is the estimated percentage of adult Americans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
What is the estimated percentage of adult Americans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
What is the result of fat accumulation in the liver of people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
What is the result of fat accumulation in the liver of people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
Why do people find it difficult to resist foods that contain a lot of sugar and fat?
Why do people find it difficult to resist foods that contain a lot of sugar and fat?
What is the condition in which liver cells die and are replaced with scar tissue that has no metabolic function?
What is the condition in which liver cells die and are replaced with scar tissue that has no metabolic function?
What is the role of metabolism in the development of obesity?
What is the role of metabolism in the development of obesity?
What is the estimated percentage of Americans with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis?
What is the estimated percentage of Americans with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis?
What is the treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
What is the treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?
What is the consequence of consuming high amounts of fructose (100 grams or more/day)?
What is the consequence of consuming high amounts of fructose (100 grams or more/day)?
What is the primary effect of dopamine release in the brain in response to eating tasty food?
What is the primary effect of dopamine release in the brain in response to eating tasty food?
What is the term for the group of serious chronic diseases characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism?
What is the term for the group of serious chronic diseases characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism?
What percentage of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes?
What percentage of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes?
What is the primary sign of diabetes?
What is the primary sign of diabetes?
What is the normal range of fasting blood glucose levels?
What is the normal range of fasting blood glucose levels?
What is the term for individuals with fasting blood glucose levels between 100 to 125 mg/dl?
What is the term for individuals with fasting blood glucose levels between 100 to 125 mg/dl?
What is the approximate percentage of Americans aged 65 or older who have diabetes?
What is the approximate percentage of Americans aged 65 or older who have diabetes?
What is a possible outcome of coronavirus damaging the beta cells of the pancreas?
What is a possible outcome of coronavirus damaging the beta cells of the pancreas?
Why are people with diabetes at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms?
Why are people with diabetes at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms?
What is the main characteristic of type 1 diabetes?
What is the main characteristic of type 1 diabetes?
What is a common risk factor for developing type 1 diabetes?
What is a common risk factor for developing type 1 diabetes?
What is the term for the condition in which the body does not respond properly to insulin?
What is the term for the condition in which the body does not respond properly to insulin?
What is a major complication of poorly controlled diabetes?
What is a major complication of poorly controlled diabetes?
What is the typical breath odor of a person with ketoacidosis?
What is the typical breath odor of a person with ketoacidosis?
What was the estimated number of Americans with diabetes in 2018?
What was the estimated number of Americans with diabetes in 2018?
What is the primary difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
What is the primary difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
What is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?
What is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?
What is a common symptom of hyperglycemia?
What is a common symptom of hyperglycemia?
What is the name of the condition that can occur in people with undiagnosed or poorly managed type 1 diabetes?
What is the name of the condition that can occur in people with undiagnosed or poorly managed type 1 diabetes?
What is the current state of type 2 diabetes in the United States?
What is the current state of type 2 diabetes in the United States?
What is a common symptom of ketoacidosis?
What is a common symptom of ketoacidosis?
What is the current treatment for type 1 diabetes?
What is the current treatment for type 1 diabetes?
What is the critical period in a human embryo's development when birth defects can occur due to poorly controlled diabetes?
What is the critical period in a human embryo's development when birth defects can occur due to poorly controlled diabetes?
What is the percentage of pregnant American women who develop gestational diabetes?
What is the percentage of pregnant American women who develop gestational diabetes?
What happens to the fetus of a woman with gestational diabetes?
What happens to the fetus of a woman with gestational diabetes?
What is the risk to the mother and infant if the infant is born abnormally heavy?
What is the risk to the mother and infant if the infant is born abnormally heavy?
What is the typical duration of a healthy pregnancy?
What is the typical duration of a healthy pregnancy?
What is the purpose of measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with diabetes?
What is the purpose of measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with diabetes?
What is the normal range of HbA1c in healthy individuals?
What is the normal range of HbA1c in healthy individuals?
What is the benefit of managing blood glucose levels properly during pregnancy?
What is the benefit of managing blood glucose levels properly during pregnancy?
What is the treatment for women who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes?
What is the treatment for women who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes?
What is the risk for women who had gestational diabetes after giving birth?
What is the risk for women who had gestational diabetes after giving birth?
Study Notes
Carbohydrates and Health
- Carbohydrates are often blamed for unwanted weight gain and diabetes, but they are an important source of energy for the body.
- Tooth decay is associated with consuming certain carbohydrates, particularly simple sugars that stick to teeth, and can lead to acid production and damage to tooth enamel.
Carbohydrates and Body Fat
- Consuming excess carbohydrates can contribute to excess body fat, as the body converts some of the glucose into fat.
- Dietary fat is spared from being used as a fuel and stored in fat cells, leading to weight gain.
- Combining carbohydrates with fat can lead to energy-dense foods, which can contribute to weight gain.
- Fats make foods taste rich and creamy, and can be difficult to resist.
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
- Sugar-sweetened beverages are a major source of added sugars in the diet.
- Consuming high amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.
- People who drink sugar-sweetened beverages do not reduce their consumption of solid foods enough to avoid gaining weight.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition where the liver accumulates fat, leading to inflammation and damage.
- Risk factors for NAFLD include obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood lipids, and excessive carbohydrate and fat intake.
- Losing excess body fat, avoiding alcohol, and eating a healthy diet may help to prevent NAFLD.
Diabetes
- Diabetes is a group of chronic diseases characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism.
- There are two major types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
- Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells, leading to a lack of insulin production.
- Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, where the beta cells produce insulin, but the target cells are insulin-resistant, leading to high blood glucose levels.
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes
- Major signs and symptoms of diabetes include:
- Excessive thirst
- Frequent urination
- Blurred vision
- Poor wound healing
- Over time, hyperglycemia can damage nerves, organs, and blood vessels, leading to serious health complications.
Diabetes During Pregnancy
- Women with poorly controlled diabetes and their developing offspring can develop serious health problems during pregnancy.
- Gestational diabetes, a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, can increase the risk of birth defects, high blood pressure, and premature delivery.
- Women who have had gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.### Diabetes Management During Pregnancy
- Pregnant women with diabetes need to monitor blood glucose levels carefully to minimize risks to themselves and their fetuses.
- Women with adequate prenatal medical care undergo screening to detect gestational diabetes.
- Treatment for gestational diabetes typically includes a special diet to manage blood glucose levels and regular physical activity.
- Some mothers-to-be may also need to monitor their blood glucose levels and give insulin injections regularly.
Controlling Diabetes
- People with diabetes need to achieve and maintain normal or near-normal blood glucose levels to avoid or delay serious health complications.
- Daily blood testing is often used to monitor blood glucose levels.
- Physicians can measure glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to determine patients' average blood glucose levels over longer periods.
- HbA1c is a component of hemoglobin that attracts glucose in the blood, and normally accounts for 4.5-5.7% of hemoglobin in healthy individuals.
- People with poorly controlled diabetes often have higher HbA1c levels due to high blood glucose levels.
- The goal for most people with diabetes is to maintain an HbA1c level below 7%.
Classifying Diabetes According to A1c Values
- A1c values can be used to classify diabetes, with levels above 7% indicating poorly controlled diabetes.
- Normal A1c levels range from 4.5-5.7%.
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Description
This quiz covers the effects of excess carbohydrate consumption on health, differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, signs and symptoms, and risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes.
